Nigeria Driving Guide

When choosing a destination for your next road trip, Nigeria might not be the first country that comes to mind. However, the country boasts many tourist attractions and is one of the continent's most diverse nations. Nigeria’s natural and cultural wonders are waiting to be explored, from the expansive plains of the north to the exotic beaches stretching along the south. Lagos, its most populous city, is often called “Africa's Big Apple.” From the best hotels in Nigeria to the top dining spots, the city dazzles with its sheer size and an array of activities for every kind of tourist.

Let the International Drivers Association inspire and enable you to explore more of this West African country by car.

Nigeria is an intriguing destination, often off the beaten path for many travelers. Here are some key things to know before traveling to Nigeria:

Nigerian drivers can be aggressive and assertive. They often speed, make frequent lane changes, and tailgate. Be prepared for a driving style that may differ from what you're used to.

Major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt are known for heavy traffic congestion, especially during rush hours. Plan your travel to avoid peak times, and consider using navigation apps to find less congested routes.

The quality of roads varies widely across the country. While urban areas and major highways are generally well-maintained, rural roads can be in poor condition, with potholes and uneven surfaces. A vehicle with good ground clearance is recommended for traveling outside major cities.

Traffic rules are not always strictly enforced, leading to behaviors such as running red lights and ignoring speed limits. Always drive defensively and adhere to traffic regulations, regardless of how other drivers behave.

The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of Nigeria has released the road transport data for the second quarter of 2023, shedding light on the country's critical state of road safety. The data presents an alarming increase in road traffic crashes compared to the previous quarter.

Nigeria recorded 2,967 road traffic crashes in Q2 2023, an 8.56% increase from the 2,733 crashes documented in Q1 2023. However, compared to 2022, there was a notable 9.60% decrease from 3,282 crashes in Q2 2022. This fluctuating trend points to underlying systemic issues in road safety management that must be addressed.

According to the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) and corroborated by Nairametrics, speed violations remain the leading cause of road traffic crashes in Nigeria between 2020 and 2022. Loss of control is the second major cause, responsible for 9,748 accidents during this period.

Dangerous driving ranks fourth, and route violations are the sixth leading cause. These findings underscore the need for stringent traffic regulation enforcement and public awareness campaigns to mitigate risky driving behaviors.

Nigeria is a country brimming with potential for an unforgettable road trip. Despite the challenges and risks, this West African gem is a treasure trove of rich cultures and stunning landscapes.

Nigeria offers several national parks and reserves, some of the best places to visit in Nigeria.

• Yankari National Park, with its elephants, baboons, and hippos, is a must-visit for wildlife lovers.
• The Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary is home to the rare Cross River gorilla, while the Gashaka Gumti National Park boasts stunning landscapes and diverse wildlife.

Nigeria is home to over 250 ethnic groups, each with unique traditions, languages, and customs. From the Yoruba festivals in the Southwest to the Hausa ceremonies in the North and the Igbo cultural celebrations in the East, every corner of Nigeria offers a distinct and immersive cultural experience. Travelers are often welcomed with open arms and friendly smiles, which makes Nigerian hospitality unforgettable.

Nigeria boasts an array of breathtaking natural landscapes that are perfect for exploration by road. Drive through the rolling hills and waterfalls of Ekiti and Osun states, marvel at the expansive savannas of the North, or relax on the serene beaches of Lagos and Cross River. For the more adventurous, the dense rainforests of Calabar and the mysterious caves of Ogbunike offer exciting opportunities for discovery and adventure.

When renting a car in Nigeria, you’ll share the roads with:

Private cars are a common mode of transportation, especially among the middle and upper classes. Car ownership provides flexibility and convenience, particularly for urban residents.

Taxis are widely available in cities and towns. They can be hailed on the street or booked through taxi stands. Ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt are also operational in major cities, providing additional convenience and safety for travelers.

Danfos are ubiquitous in cities like Lagos. These yellow minibuses operate on set routes and are popular for short-distance travel within cities. They are known for their affordability but can be crowded and operate with a degree of unpredictability.

Tricycles, known as Keke Napep, are three-wheeled vehicles for short trips within cities and towns. They are more maneuverable than cars in heavy traffic and are an economical option for local commutes.

Okadas are motorcycle taxis used for quick and efficient transport, particularly in areas with heavy traffic. While they offer speed and flexibility, they are often associated with higher safety risks.

Lagos's Bus Rapid Transit system offers a more organized and comfortable alternative to danfos. BRT buses operate on dedicated lanes, helping to reduce travel time during peak hours.

Being mindful of local driving customs, maintaining vehicle documentation, and practicing defensive driving can significantly enhance your journey. Here are essential road rules that will help ensure a safer driving experience in Nigeria:

The Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) enforces traffic laws. If stopped by an officer, be cooperative and respectful. Always have your vehicle documents and driver's license accessible.

In Nigeria, vehicles drive on the right side of the road. This is important, especially for travelers from countries where driving is on the left. Always keep to the right and overtake on the left.

Before hitting the road, ensure you have a valid driver’s license. Foreign drivers can use an International Driving Permit (IDP) in Nigeria along with their home country license for a limited period. Long-term residents should obtain a Nigerian driver’s license from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC).

Make sure your vehicle has up-to-date documentation, including:

• Vehicle registration papers
• Proof of insurance
• Roadworthiness certificate
• Vehicle license

Adhering to speed limits is crucial for safety and compliance with Nigerian traffic laws. Common speed limits include:

• Urban areas: 50 km/h (31 mph)
• Rural roads: 80 km/h (50 mph)
• Highways: 100 km/h (62 mph)

Always be attentive to road signs indicating specific speed limits in different areas.

All vehicle occupants must wear seat belts. Children under 12 should be seated in the rear and, if available, in appropriate child safety seats.

Nigeria has strict laws regarding drinking and driving. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit is 0.08%. It’s advisable to avoid consuming any alcohol if you plan to drive, as enforcement can be stringent, especially in urban areas.

Using a mobile phone while driving without a hands-free device is illegal. Texting while driving is strictly prohibited and can result in severe penalties.

Lane Discipline: Always drive on the right side of the road and overtake on the left. Maintain your lane and use indicators to signal lane changes.

Overtaking: Ensure it is safe before overtaking another vehicle. Avoid overtaking in areas marked with double yellow lines, at intersections, pedestrian crossings, or curves where visibility is limited.

Pedestrians have the right of way at designated crossings. Always yield to pedestrians at zebra crossings and be cautious in areas with heavy foot traffic.

Honking: Horns are frequently used to signal other drivers of your presence, especially in heavy traffic. Use your horn sparingly and courteously.

Headlights: Use dipped headlights at night and in poor visibility conditions. Avoid using high beams in well-lit areas or when following or approaching other vehicles.

The best time to visit Nigeria, especially for a safer driving experience, is during the dry season, which runs from November to March. The weather is generally pleasant during this period, with lower humidity and minimal rainfall. This makes road conditions more favorable and reduces the risk of driving-related incidents.

Avoid night driving: Driving at night can be challenging due to poor road illumination and the risk of encountering unlit vehicles or obstacles. It’s advisable to avoid night driving whenever possible.

Be aware of local driving habits: Nigerian drivers can be assertive, and traffic laws are not always strictly enforced. Stay alert and drive defensively.

Watch for pedestrians and animals: Be cautious of pedestrians crossing the road, especially in urban areas. In rural areas, animals may wander onto the road.

Keep emergency numbers handy: Have the contact information for local emergency services in Nigeria, your car rental company, and roadside assistance easily accessible.

No, you cannot legally drive in Nigeria solely with your native driver's license. You need an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with your native driver's license.

The cost of an IDP with the International Drivers Association (IDA) varies based on the validity period and format. Prices start at $49 (₦22,500) for a 1-year digital-only permit and $69 (₦31,700) for a 1-year print and digital permit.

Depending on the issuing authority and additional service fees, costs can range from $20 to $50 (₦9,200 to ₦23,000) for a 1-year IDP.

An IDP is usually valid for one year only. However, depending on the option you choose when applying, options include two or three years.

You can obtain an International Driving Permit (IDP) for Nigeria online through the International Drivers Association (IDA). You will receive a digital copy of your IDP within minutes, with print options available for shipping.

You can also find reputable automobile associations in Nigeria and apply in person. Processing times and fees vary but are generally quick and affordable.

Start by researching car rental companies in Nigeria. Look for reputable companies with good reviews and a wide selection of vehicles. Visit their websites to compare prices, vehicle options, and rental terms. Fortunately, some of the best car rental companies in Nigeria include international companies:

• Avis Nigeria
• Hertz Nigeria
• Sixt Nigeria
• Europcar Nigeria
• Budget Nigeria

Select a vehicle that suits your needs and budget. Consider factors such as:

• Type of Vehicle: Depending on your travel needs, choose between economy cars, SUVs, luxury vehicles, or vans.
• Fuel Efficiency: Opt for a fuel-efficient car if you drive long distances.
• Space: Ensure the vehicle has enough space for passengers and luggage.

Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage. Most car rental companies offer various insurance options, including:

• Collision Damage Waiver (CDW)
• Theft Protection
• Personal Accident Insurance

For additional coverage, you can also check other car insurance companies in Nigeria, such as Leadway Assurance or AXA Mansard.

Once you’ve chosen a car and insurance options, make a reservation. You can do this online through the rental company’s website or by visiting their office. When making a reservation, you’ll typically need to provide:

• A valid driver’s license
• An International Driving Permit (IDP) if required
• A credit card for payment and deposit

Before finalizing your booking, carefully review the rental agreement. Pay attention to:

• Rental duration and rates
• Mileage limitations
• Fuel policy (full-to-full or full-to-empty)
• Additional fees (late return, additional driver, etc.)

Bring your driver’s license, IDP (if applicable), and credit card when picking up the car. At the rental office:

• Inspection: Inspect the vehicle for any existing damage and ensure it’s recorded in the rental agreement.
• Documentation: Review and sign the rental agreement and keep a copy for your records.
• Equipment: Check that the car has necessary equipment like a spare tire, jack, and emergency kit.

Nigeria is not a typical tourist destination, so planning your routes carefully is essential to make the most of your adventure. Here are some of our suggested itineraries:

Distance: Approximately 760 kilometers

Duration: 10-12 hours

Highlights:

• Lagos: Start your journey in Nigeria’s largest city. Explore the Lekki Conservation Centre, Victoria Island, and the vibrant nightlife.
• Ibadan: Visit the University of Ibadan, Cocoa House, and Agodi Gardens.
• Lokoja: Stop by the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers and the Mount Patti for panoramic views.
• Abuja: Explore the capital city’s attractions like the Aso Rock, National Mosque, and Millennium Park.

Distance: Approximately 690 kilometers

Duration: 9-10 hours

Highlights:

• Benin City: Visit the National Museum and the Oba’s Palace.
• Port Harcourt: Enjoy the city’s gardens and the Port Harcourt Tourist Beach.
• Calabar: Explore the Cross River National Park, the Slave Museum, and the Calabar Carnival if you’re visiting in December.

Distance: Approximately 250 kilometers

Duration: 4-5 hours

Highlights:

• Kano: Visit the ancient city walls, the Gidan Makama Museum, and the Kurmi Market.
• Jos: Explore the Jos Wildlife Park, the Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture, and the scenic Jos Plateau.

Sampling local cuisine is a must on your road trip. Here are some of the best restaurants to check out in Nigeria:

• Terra Kulture: Offers authentic Nigerian dishes in a cultural setting.
• Yellow Chilli: Known for its innovative Nigerian cuisine with a modern twist.
• Bungalow Restaurant: Offers a mix of local and international dishes.

• Nkoyo: Serves a delightful mix of traditional Nigerian and continental dishes.
• BluCabana: Known for its Mediterranean and Lebanese cuisine.
• Jevinik Restaurant: Offers generous portions of traditional Nigerian food.

• Tinapa Lakeside Hotel Restaurant: Offers a variety of Nigerian and international dishes with a beautiful lakeside view.
• Paradise City Restaurant: Known for its fresh seafood and local delicacies.