Driving Guide
ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘July 21, 2021

Slovenia Driving Guide

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš.

9 ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ืงื”

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืขื ืงื• ื—ื•ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ืจื™ืื˜ื™. ื™ืฉ 212 ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืขื ื‘ื™ืจืช ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”. ืžื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืกืกืช (ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”) ืœืกืฆื ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื•.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืช ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš. ืืš ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ (IDP) ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื‘ื˜ื—. ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืฆื™ืœื•ื: Yogendra Negi

ืื™ืš ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš?

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื’ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื”, ืชื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืง ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš?

ื™ึทืขึทื“

ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื‘ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื, ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืฉืžื” ื›ื™ืขื“ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™. ื—ืงืจ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืคื”ืคื”, ืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื• ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ (ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™) ืžืื– 1 ื‘ืžืื™ 2004, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื—ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื. ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื”.

ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช (ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช), ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช (ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช) ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ื•ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช.

ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 13 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืงืœ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ 59% ืžื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื™ื—ื”.

ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื”

ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื” -13 ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ื•ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื 20,273 ืงืž"ืจ. ืจื•ื‘ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ืช. ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืจื›ืกื™ื, ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืงืจืกื˜ื™ื™ื, ืคืกื’ื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืื’ื ื™ื, ื”ืขืžืงื™ื, ื•ื”ืงืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืื• ืคืกื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ื”ึดื™ืกื˜ื•ึนืจึดื™ึธื”

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื” (ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”-ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”) ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืคืฆืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืกืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘-1918, ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืื–. ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1929. ื”ื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1991 ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืจืงื”.

ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ืฉืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื• ื›ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ.

ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึธืœึธื”

ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜. ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื•ื / ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืืกื™ืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜.

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืขื ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื” ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื” 4.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘-2019 ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื•ื™ื’ืช ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.

ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืชื•ืกืกืช, ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”, ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืคื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื–ืจ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉืžืชืจื’ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™. ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ืจ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœืš ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”?

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืื– ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื IDP ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข, ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืชืงืฃ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— IDP ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืื•ืชื•. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™.

  • ืื•ึนืกึฐื˜ึฐืจึตื™ึธื”
  • ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”
  • ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื”
  • ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”
  • ืฆ'ื›ื™ื”
  • ื“ื ืžืจืง
  • ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”
  • ืคื™ื ืœื ื“
  • ืฆึธืจึฐืคึทืช
  • ื’ึถืจืžึธื ึดื™ึธื”
  • ื™ึธื•ึธืŸ
  • ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”
  • ืื™ืจืœื ื“
  • ืึดื™ื˜ึทืœึดื™ึธื”
  • ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”
  • ืœื™ื˜ื
  • ืœื•ืงืกืžื‘ื•ืจื’
  • ืžืœื˜ื”
  • ื”ื•ึนืœึทื ื“
  • ืคึผื•ึนืœึดื™ืŸ
  • ืคึผื•ึนืจื˜ื•ึผื’ึธืœ
  • ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ
  • ืจื•ืžื ื™ื”
  • ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”
  • ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
  • ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”
  • ืกึฐืคึธืจึทื“
  • ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ-IDP ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืชืงืฃ ื‘ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-150 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื•. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-$49, ืืฉืจ ืชืงืคื™ื ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”-IDP ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื›ื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืฉื’ืช IDP ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”.

๐Ÿš— ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”? ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•! ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ (ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช)

ื”ืื IDP ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื™ืœื™ื“?

IDP ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœืš ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื—ืงืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ืžืฉืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœ-12 ืžื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ื.

ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ- IDP?

ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”. ื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, internationaldriversassociation.com ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืื™ื ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœื™ื” ืงืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœืœื ื˜ืจื—ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื. ืื ื‘ืงืฉืชืš ืชืื•ืฉืจ, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ืชืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ. ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ IDP ืฉืœืš ื™ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœืš. ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืš 7-15 ื™ืžื™ื. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืขื“ 30 ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœื™ืš.

ืžืชื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ- IDP?

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ IDP ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉืชืจืฆื”. ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ IDP ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž- $ 49. ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœื•, ื•ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช IDP ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ internationaldriversassociation.com ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืชืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ ืื ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”-IDP ืฉืœื™?

ืœื, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš. ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืžื™ื“ ืื ืชืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš. ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืœื™ืš ืืช ื”-IDP ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ืžื ื›ื ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืœืš, ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”.

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ืจืฆื•ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืœื ืชื“ืื’ื™ ืžื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืš ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

  • ื™ื•ืจื•ืคืงืืจ
  • ื”ืจืฅ
  • Sixt
  • ืื•ื˜ื• ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
  • ืื•ื•ื™ืก
  • ืชึทืงืฆึดื™ื‘
  • ืœึฐืื•ึผืžึดื™
  • ืืงืกืคื“ื™ื”
  • ืคืจื™ื™ืกืœื™ื™ืŸ

ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื.

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื•ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš, ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื’ื ืื ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช IDP ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื–ืืช.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื. ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื— ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•.

ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื“ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืœื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

  • ืกื•ื’ ืจื›ื‘
  • ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื”
  • ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื”
  • ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœ-Wi-Fi, GPS, ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชืœื™ ืกืงื™
  • ื”ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ืืกืฃ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“
  • ืžืกืคืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ

ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘. ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 18 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืืš ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 21 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ื“ืื’ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ืจื›ื‘-ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—-ื˜ื•ืคืก-ืชื‘ื™ืขื”-ื•ืจื›ื‘-ืฆืขืฆื•ืข
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช Angelov1

ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช. ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ ื’'. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืžื›ื ื’ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ื”ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืชื”. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืงืจื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื” ืžื˜ืจืชื.

  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช

ืื ืืชื” ืžืชืจืกืง ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื”-CDW ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ. CDW ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื•ืช, ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื’ื’ื•ืช ื•ื’ื’ื•ืช ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื– ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.

  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ ื’'

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื–ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉื 'ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™'. ืื ืชื–ื™ืง ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ ืื—ืจ, ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื–ื• ืชืฉืœื. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”

ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงืœื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืฉื›ืจืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื›ืืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื—ืง. ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืฉื›ืจืชื ื ื™ื–ื•ืง ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื’ื ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื. ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืชื›ืกื” ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืช.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื“ืš ื’ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืฉืชืœื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืžื•ืš?

ื”ืฉื’ืช ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืžื•ืš. ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ื— ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“. ืืชื” ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ืš. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื™ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœืš, ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืš ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืขื ื™ืง ืœืš ืืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”. ื”ื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ื ื”-ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื-ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช esindeniz

ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœื ื—ืœื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืœื™ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื” ืื•ื›ืคืช ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช

ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืืงืจืื™ ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ื’ื ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืฉื ื˜ืœืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื 50 ืž"ื’ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœ 100 ืž"ืœ ื“ื.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขื ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืคืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืžืขืฆืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื•ืขื“ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช. ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืงื—ืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš.

ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช

ืœืคื ื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆื•ืžืช. ืืชื” ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื“ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืืชื” ืคื•ื ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช.

ื—ึฒื ึธื™ึธื”

ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื ื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”. ืื ืชื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ืื ื”ื—ื’ ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ืš ืื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ื”ื—ื ื” ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื—ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”.

ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืžืœืื”, ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื, ื”ื”ื’ื”, ื”ืžืจืื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืื•ืชื”. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ื’ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชืš ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉืœื’.

ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ, ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืชืงื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืœื•ื˜ ืœืœื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื”. ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉื›ื ื•ืช, ืœืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

  • 50 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
  • 90 ืงืž"ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
  • 110 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื
  • 130 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื

ื”ืคืจืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื ืก ื”ื—ืœ ืž-20 ืื™ืจื• ืžื™ื“ ืื•, ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ:

ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื (50 ืงืž"ืฉ)

  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 5 ืงืž"ืฉ - 20 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 6 ืขื“ 10 ืงืž"ืฉ - 40 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 11 ืขื“ 20 ืงืž"ืฉ - 125 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 21 ืขื“ 30 ืงืž"ืฉ - 250 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 31 ืขื“ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 500 ืื™ืจื•
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 600 ืื™ืจื• ื•ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื (90 ืงืž"ืฉ)

  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 ืงืž"ืฉ - 20 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 11 ืขื“ 20 ืงืž"ืฉ - 40 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 21 ืขื“ 30 ืงืž"ืฉ - 80 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 31 ืขื“ 40 ืงืž"ืฉ - 125 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 41 ืขื“ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 250 ืื™ืจื•
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 600 ืื™ืจื• ื•ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื (110 ืงืž"ืฉ)

  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 ืงืž"ืฉ - 20 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 11 ืขื“ 30 ืงืž"ืฉ - 40 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 31 ืขื“ 40 ืงืž"ืฉ - 80 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 41 ืขื“ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 125 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 51 ืขื“ 60 ืงืž"ืฉ - 500 ืื™ืจื•
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ 60 ืงืž"ืฉ - 600 ืื™ืจื• ื•ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื (130 ืงืž"ืฉ)

  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 ืงืž"ืฉ - 20 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 11 ืขื“ 30 ืงืž"ืฉ - 40 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 31 ืขื“ 40 ืงืž"ืฉ - 80 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 41 ืขื“ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ - 125 ืื™ืจื•
  • ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 51 ืขื“ 60 ืงืž"ืฉ - 500 ืื™ืจื•
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ 60 ืงืž"ืฉ - 600 ืื™ืจื• ื•ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื’ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”. ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื ืก ืฉืœ 120 ืื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-1.5 ืž' ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื›ืจื™ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-1.5 ืž' ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืœื ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืืช ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”. ืœื ืชืชืงืฉื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ. ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื›ื™ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ืš.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”

ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ื ื”-ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื-ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช esindeniz

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ. ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš, ืื– ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืœื ืจืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืœื˜ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

  • ืœืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” - ืงืฆื” ืจืš, ืžืฆืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื›ืคื•ืœ, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœื ืื—ื™ื“, ืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืžื ื”ืจื”, ืฆื•ืžืช
  • ืœืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ - ืื™ืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกื”, ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ, ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืœื ืขื’ืœื•ืช, ืœืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืœืœื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืจืชื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืœื ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืกื”, ืœืœื ืขืฆื™ืจื”, ืœืœื ื—ื ื™ื”, ืื’ืจื”, ืžื›ืก
  • ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื—ื•ื‘ื” - ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื™ื›ืจ, ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
  • ืœืฉืœื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช - ื›ื ื™ืขื”, ืขืฆื™ืจื”, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื™, ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื™, ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืฆื•ืžืช ืขื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ.
  • ืœืฉืœื˜ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข - ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.

ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ

ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘-Priority roads, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื.

ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆืžืชื™ื. ืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจืช, ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™

ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ 18 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืช 16. "ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 25 ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื“ื’ืžื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ืคื”

ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืจืง ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืขืงื™ืคื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืื• ืื•ืจื•ืช. ืื™ื ืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืช. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื™ื™ื— ืขื ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืคื’ืข ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ืขืงื™ืคื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืž 80 ืž 'ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.

ืฆื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืืชื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืžืฉืžืืœืš.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”?

ืฉื ื™-ื—ื‘ืจื™ื-ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื-ื›ืœื‘ื™ื-ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื-ื™ื—ื“-ื•ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช Sonyachny

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืš. ืจืง ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืคืง ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชืš ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘, ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื, ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื” ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชืš ืžื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื”.

ืžื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”?

ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืจื›ืช ืขื–ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื–ืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ืžืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš, ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ื’ื ืœืฆืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”?

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœื“ืจืš. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš. ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืžืฉื•ืš ืœืื˜ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื“ืœืง ืืช ืคื ืกื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืข ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.

ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืžื–ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ื. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืืœื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘

ื’ื ืขื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืชืชืงืœืงืœ ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื•ืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื.

  • ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
  • ื”ื“ืœืง ืืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœืš.
  • ื’ืœื” ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžืš
  • ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื• ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ืื•ืจ
  • ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฆืืช, ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง.
  • ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขื–ืจื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืื• 1987 ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืง ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš?

ื™ึทืขึทื“

ื›ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืฃ

ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืœ ืคืชืื•ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื.

  • ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
  • ื”ื“ืœืง ืืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœืš.
  • ื’ืœื” ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžืš
  • ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื• ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ืื•ืจ
  • ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฆืืช, ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง.
  • ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขื–ืจื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืื• 1987 ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช

ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื•ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ืš, ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ืืœ ืชืฆื ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ืš. ื—ื›ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชืš. ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš.

ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ. ืื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืœืœื›ืช ืื™ืชื, ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœืš.

ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช

ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืš ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื•ืื“ื™ื‘, ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ืื™ืชื.

ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื

ืฉื•ื˜ืจ-ืขื-ืื™ืฉื”-ื ื”ื’ืช-ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช RossHelen

ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื” ืื• ื™ื•ื, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื—ืกื•ื, ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉืืชื ืื™ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ื•ืžืก ื•ื“ืจื•ืš.

ื›ืฉืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ืš, ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชืš ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื™ืชืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ. ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ืžื” ืื ืืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ?

ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฆืขืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืื ืืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื™ืกืข ืžื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืื ื™ืฉ ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช. ื”ื“ืœืง ืืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคื’ืข ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืื•ื ื”. ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืคืฆืข, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื 112. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš.

ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืืชื” ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉืœืš. ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.

ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืจืฉืžื” 102 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืงืœื” ืฉืœ 91 ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018. ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 71% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2000 ืœ 2018.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2000 ืœ 2018 ืจืฉืžื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื—ื•ื– ื ืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ 72% ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ 100,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืจืฉืžื” 0.6 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœ -10,000 ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018. ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 81% ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ืช 2000, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 3.2.

ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืืŸ. ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืŸ ืกืงื•ื“ื” ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืจื ื• ืงืœื™ืื•. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื— (Sports Utility Vehicle) ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื”

ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 3.5 ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ื™ื ื™ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืื’ืจื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื’ืจื” ืžืฉืชืคืจืช ื•ืžื–ืจื–ืช.

ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื•ืฃ ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช. ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื•ืœื. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืœื™ ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ืกื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช, ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื˜ ื ื—ืžื“ื”. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืื’ืจื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืœืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืžืฆื™ื“ืš ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ืชื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื’ื ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืžื”ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”?

ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื›ื‘, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื”; ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื” (ืงืž"ืฉ) ื•ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœืฉืขื” (ืž"ืฉ). ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืž"ืฉ ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืืชื” ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช.

ื”ืื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”?

ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ืŸ ืขื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื’ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืื ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื“ืขืชืš ืžื•ืกื—ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆืขืจื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื?

ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช. ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ื”ืื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ?

ื’ื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืœืฉืืช ืฆืžื™ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืชืชืงืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™, ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช. ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืคื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืœื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ืกืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจ

ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœืš, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชืš ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’

ืื ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›-570 ืื™ืจื• (ื›-691 ื“ื•ืœืจ) ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื™ืช, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื• ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืขื ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื’ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 1970 ืื™ืจื• (ื›-2390 ื“ื•ืœืจ) ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืš.

ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช

ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ (ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™) ื•ื”-EEA (ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™), ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

  • ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.
  • ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
  • ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.
  • ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื”: ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื”, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื–ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืฉืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื ื”ื•ื/ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืง ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืงื‘ืข.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”?

ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื”, ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืชืš. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ ืžืฆื™ื“ื›ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืžืก ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื™ืฆื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื?

ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชืงืฃ ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืขืชืš ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœืš ืขื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœืš. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืœืื‘ื˜ื— IDP, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.

ื”ืื ื–ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™?

ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืคืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ืœื™ื›ื˜ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ื•ืืชื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.

ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืคืง ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืื• ืœื™ื›ื˜ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ืชื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™.

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”?

ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉืœืš. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืš ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— IDP, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™. ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื™ืขื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื—ืŸ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืชืจืžื™ืœืื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื” ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื–ื”ื• ื™ืขื“ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ื˜ ืžืจื’ื™ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.

ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืคืจืฉืจืŸ

ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืคืจืฉืจืŸ
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• Ghisletti

ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืคืจืฉืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”. ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื–ื• ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืคืจื ืก ืคืจืฉืจืŸ. ืฉื™ืจื•, Zdravljica ("ื˜ื•ืกื˜" ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช), ืกื™ืคืง ืœืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”. ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช ืคืจืฉืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืคืจืฉืจืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ A1.

1. ืกืขื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 111 ืขื“ H6 ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืœื”.

2. ืกืขื• ืขืœ A1 ืœ-Trลพaลกka c. ื‘ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”. ืฆืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” 35-Ljubljana-zahod ืž-A1/E70.

3. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘-Trลพaลกka c.. ืงื— ืืช Bleiweisova cesta ืืœ Mikloลกiฤeva cesta.

ื˜ื™ืจืช ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”

ื˜ื™ืจืช ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืื ื•ืืŸ ื’ื™ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ

ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื˜ื™ืจืช ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื”, ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืกืคื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื™ืงื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื’ื‘ืขื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื” ืžื”ื˜ื™ืจื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื›ื™ื›ืจ Preลกeren ื“ืจืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ Cesta slovenskih kmeฤkih uporov

1. ืฆืื• ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืขืœ Mikloลกiฤeva cesta ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ Dalmatinova ulica.

2. ืงื— ืืช Komenskega ulica ื•- Resljeva cesta ืœ-Poljanska cesta.

3. ืงื—ื• ืืช Cesta slovenskih kmeฤkih uporov ืœ-Grajska planota.

ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ

ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช ื–ืืŸ

ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืื™ ืคืขื. ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ืฉืจ ืขืฅ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืงืฆื‘ื™ื. ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืงื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื• ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื˜ื™ืจืช ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืื ื” ื“ืจืš Cesta slovenskih kmeฤkih uporov.

1. ืฆืื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืขืœ Grajska planota ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ Ovinki.

2. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืœ Cesta slovenskih kmeฤkih uporov.

3. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืืœ Streliลกka ulica.

4. Streliลกka ulica ืคื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ- Krekov trg.

5. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืœ Kopitarjeva ulica.

6. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืœ Resljeva cesta/Zmajski.

ืื’ื ื‘ืœื“

ืื’ื ื‘ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ืื’ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืงืจื ื™ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื“. ื–ื”ื• ื™ืขื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืื’ื ื‘ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื”, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื™ื—ื“.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื’ืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš A2 / E61.

1. ืขืœื• ืขืœ A2/E61 ืž-Celovลกka cesta.

2. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ A2/E61 ืœ-Lesce/Lesce- Bled ื‘-Lesce. ืฆืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” 3 ืž-A2/E61.

3. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘-Lesce- Bled. ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื‘ืœื“- soteska ื‘ื‘ืœื“.

ืžืขืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื ื”

ืคื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื ื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Bogdan Magajna

ืžืขืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 24 ืง"ืž ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ืจ ืคื™ื‘ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”. ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื. ืจื›ื‘ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื”, ืชืชืงืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžืื’ื ื‘ืœื“ ื“ืจืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ E61.

1. ืขืœื• ืขืœ A2/E61 ื‘-Lesce ืž-Bled-soteska ื•-Lesce- Bled.

2. ืกืขื• ืขืœ E61 ืœ-Postojnaโ€“Pivka/Reลกka cesta/ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 6 ื‘-Postojna. ืฆืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ Postojna/Rijeka/HR/Ilirska Bistrica/Pivka/Reka ืž-E61.

3. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘-Postojnaโ€“Pivka/Reลกka cesta. ืงื—ื• ืืช Trลพaลกka cesta ื•ืืช Kosovelova ulica ืืœ Jamska cesta.

ื˜ื™ืจืช ืคืจื“ื’'ืžื”

ื˜ื™ืจืช ืคืจื“ื’'ืžื” ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
ืžึธืงื•ึนืจ: ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช ื›ืจื™ืก ื™ืื ื’

ื˜ื™ืจืช ืคืจื“ื’'ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืจื” ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืคืจื“ื’'ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื™ ืžืขืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื™ื•ืœื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื 9 ืง"ืž ืžืžืขืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื ื”. ื˜ื™ืจืช ืคืจื“ื’'ืžื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื’ื™ื ืก ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื ื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื”, ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžืžืขืจืช Postojna ื“ืจืš Postojna- Motel Erazem.

1. ืฆืื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืขืœ Jamska cesta.

2. ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ Jamska cesta.

3. ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืงืœื” ืฉืžืืœื” ืืœ Postojna.

4. ืคื ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืืœ Jamska cesta/Postojna- Motel Erazem.

5. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืืœ Belsko/Postojna- Motel Erazem.

6. ื‘ืœืกืงื• ืคื•ื ื” ืžืขื˜ ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ-Bukovje/Vrhi- Bukovje.

7. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืืœ Bukovje/Bukovje- Predjama.

8. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ Bukovje- Predjama.

ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื˜ืจื—ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช IDP ืฉืœืš. ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช IDP ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืงื•ืช! ื–ื›ืจื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.

ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™

ืชืงืฃ ืœ-1-3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”