ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืงืœ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ: ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื!โž”
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš.

2021-04-09 ยท 9 ืงืจื™ืื” ื“ืงื”

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’, ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ืกืก, ื”ืชื•ืกืก ื•ื”ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื˜ื˜ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืชืงืช ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืคื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืฉืขืช ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืคืขืช ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžื—ืžืžืช ืœื‘ ื•ืชื•ืกืกืช, ืืžื ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืกืช ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ืื’ '. ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืชืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืฉื›ื—ื•.

ืื™ืš ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš?

ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืœืœื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืกื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ืจื•ืก ื•ื™ืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš. ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืช ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื‘ืงืจ. ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘.

ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืื•ืžืช ืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื 90 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืคื™ ืงื™ ื•ื•ืกื˜, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”. ืื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืŸ, ื’'ืžื™ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ืื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ื™ื, ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช, ื›ืคืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 90 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ืคื™ ืงื™ ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™. ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื•ื‘ื”, 48 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืจื“ ื”ืžื™ืฆืจ. ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช (ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช) ืื• ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›-11 ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื•ืžื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืชื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืจืง ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœืš ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื”.

ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื”

ืœืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 109,884 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื (42,426 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื•ืข), ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืื™ ื”ื ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉืคืœื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื 3,735 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ืื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 2,200 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.

ื”ึดื™ืกื˜ื•ึนืจึดื™ึธื”

ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืช, ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช.

ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1492 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืœื—ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื•ืก ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื“. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกืคืจื“-ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-1898, ืืจื”"ื‘ ืชื‘ืขื” ืืช ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1902. ืคื™ื“ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืคื•ืœื’'ื ืกื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื”, ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1953 ื•-1959.

ื›ืฉืคื™ื“ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘-1961, ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื“ 2008 ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืื—ื™ื•, ืจืื•ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื•. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1991, ืงื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึธืœึธื”

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื—ืช ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”. ืžืžืฉืœืชื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืคื™ื“ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ืž-1959 ืขื“ 2008, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ื›ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ 1976, ืฉืชื•ืงื ื” ื‘-1992 ื•ื‘-2002. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงืช ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงืช ื”ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืืกืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื, ื”ืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื”ื ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.

ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ 11,333,483 ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ. ืจืง 0.15% ืžื›ืœืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื›ืžืกืคืจ 83 ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ื™ื 106 ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงืž"ืจ.

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืž-1995 ืขื“ 2018 ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื•ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ื›-2.97 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ืฉืœ 3.0%.

ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-62 ืžืชื•ืš 195 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ื”ื•ื 5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. .

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ IDP

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืื™. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืคืจืง ืืช ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื‘ื™ื ืš ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืš ื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™. ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœืš. ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” .

ื”ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”?

ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืžืžืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงืฃ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื• IDP ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืชืงืฃ ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืจืง ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช.

ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP; ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืกืงื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืœื ื ื™ื™ืจ. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื•ืชื•, ื ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืชืš ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”!

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”?

ืื ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP! ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš IDP, ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš, ืืœ ื“ืื’ื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP ื‘ืืชืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”!

ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื‘ื”. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื’ื IDP ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื”.

ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื™ื ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ-IDP ืœืœื ื ื™ื™ืจ, ื—ืœืง ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ.

ื”ืื IDP ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš?

ื”-IDP ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ- IDP ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืžืš ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฉืœืš. IDP ืžืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ื›ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. IDP ืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ืงืจ. ื”-IDP ืžืฉืžืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš; ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื–ื•ื’.

ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชืชืจื—ืฉ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืจืง ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืžื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืื ืืชื” ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™. ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” , ืขืœื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช, ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ, ืืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื›ืจื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืš. ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘: CubaCar, Havanautos ื•- Rex. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ืขืชืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘.

ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœืš ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ืื ืชื–ืžื™ื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืงื™ืจ ืœืงื™ืจ ืฉืชื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ.

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืœื”; ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘: IDP, ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืงื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื–ื” ืžืกืžืš ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžืžืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ื”ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”? ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื—ื™!

ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ื’'ื™ืœื™, ืื•ืคืœืก, ืจื ื•; ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืจืฆื“ืก, ืคื•ืœืงืกื•ื•ื’ืŸ, ืืื•ื“ื™ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื, Geely ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืื—ื“.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื• ืœื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื ื”-AC ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืขื AC ืื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ืงืืจืก ื‘ืื™ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื, ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื•. ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืกื ื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœื™ืš. ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื”.

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจ. ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช; ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื“ืœืคืง ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืจื”.

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ

ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื 21 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื•ืกืข ื–ืจ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ืื—ืจืช, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช. ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืืฉืจืช ื“ืœืคืง ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืžืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘, ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื•.

ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื ืืกืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื. ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืœื ื“ืจืš ื“ืœืคืงื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืจืืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืžืจืืฉ.

ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœ. ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื. ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืคืก ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”:

  • ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
  • ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
  • ื ื–ืง ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืžืœื ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘
  • ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ ืื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื’ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

To Drive ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื™, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ืขืชืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืืœืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื, "ื”ืื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”?" ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ." ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืื ืœื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืชืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ื”ื:

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•- IDP

ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช IDP ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”; ืจืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื™ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื”.

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•- IDP

ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช IDP ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”; ืจืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื™ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื”.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช

ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’. ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืชื— ืื• ืœื ื ืคืชื—.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืจืžืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื“ื ื”ื™ื 0.0%. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืืชื” ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืชืกื‘ืš ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช. ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื—ืกืจื™ื ืคื ืกื™ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœืœื ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืื•ื ื”. ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื’ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืคืชืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื

ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื; ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื.

ื—ื ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืฉื›ืจืชื. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœืช, ืื‘ืœ ืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!

ืชืงื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชืš ื•ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืชืงื ื™ื ืืœื• ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืชืงืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืชืงื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ืœืง, ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื ืกื™ืขื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืื• ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•-IDP. ื’ื ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืžืจื—ืงื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช.

ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื 80 ืง"ืž (50 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื. 50 ืง"ืž (31 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœืฉืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื, ืขื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 100 ืง"ืž (62 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืฉืขื”. ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ 50 ืง"ืž (31 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืฉืขื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื›-70 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื (43 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ืœืฉืขื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืงืฆื‘ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืื ืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื•ืง ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชืš, ืื• ืื ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช, ื™ื™ืงื— ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชืฉืชื—ืจืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ืชืกืชื™ื™ื.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชืš ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•. ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ืœื“ืš, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.

ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ืš ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•. ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื›ื ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืื ื ืงืœืขืชื ืœืชืื•ื ื”. ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 12 ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืงื“ืžื™.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืกืข. Autopitas (ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื), ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืขื“ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืงื˜ืข ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื ื˜ื™ืื’ื•, ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• A1. ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ A4 ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืœืคื™ื ืืœ ื“ืœ ืจื™ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงืจื˜ืจื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ.

ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ( ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ืกื˜ืืก ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช), ืฉื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื”-A1 (ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืงื˜ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื ื˜ื™ืื’ื•). ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ A4 (ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืขื“ ืคื™ื ืืจ ื“ืœ ืจื™ื•) ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืžื–ืจื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื“-ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ Carretera.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”

ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-GPS ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืืš ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ GPS. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื ื” ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. .

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืชื’ืจ. ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช. ื’ื ืขื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช!

ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืขืจ ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืื• ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื—ืกื•ืš ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™.

ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื• ื‘ืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื‘ื”. ืื ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื”; ืื ืœื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื—ืฅ ืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ืื™ืชื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช.

ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉืœ 18 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช 21 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”, ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขืงื™ืคื”

ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ.

ืฆื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉืžืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ.

ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืž: ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื ืืชื” ืžืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืชื”ื ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกื™ื•ืจ ืœืœื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™.

ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”. ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื’ืกื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื.

ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘

ืื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ืชืงืœืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœืœื—ืฅ ื•ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื›ื; ื–ื” ื™ื—ืกืœ ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.

ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื”ืชืงืœืงืœื” ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืจ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’, ื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ.

ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉืช ืขื–ืจื” ืื• ื ืชื ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš; ืžื›ื•ื ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš.

ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช

ื–ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช ืื•ืชืš, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ืชื™ื™ืจ ืื• ืœื ืœืคื™ ืฆื‘ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืš; ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืื ื ืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืื•ืชื. ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, IDP ืขื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžืฉืงื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ืื• ืœื, ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชืš ืœืฆืจื•ืช ืื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื™ืžืฆื ืœืš ืื—ื“.

ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืžืŸ ืื•ืชืš ืื ื ืชืคืกืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืžืก ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื™ื›ื ืก ืื™ืชื ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ ื•ืœืœื ื˜ืจื—ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช

ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ GPS ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'; ืžืคื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ GPS ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชืขืฉื” ืจืง ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงื•ื™ื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.

ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื ืืžืจื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื™. ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.

ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช:

  • Ehere โ€“ dรณndego to โ€“ llegar
  • ืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ - busco
  • ืจื—ื•ื‘/ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ โ€“ calle
  • ืคื ื” โ€“ ื’'ื™ืจืืจ
  • ื™ืฉืจ - ืจืงื˜ื•
  • ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืืœ โ€“ derecha, izquierda
  • ืœืคื ื™, ืขื‘ืจ - ืื ื˜ื”, ืคืกืื“ื•
  • ืงืจื•ื‘, ืจื—ื•ืง - cerca, lejo
  • ื™ืฆื™ืื” โ€“ ืกืœื™ื“ื”
  • ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ื, ืžืขืจื‘, ืžื–ืจื— โ€“ norte, sur, oeste, este

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืžื–ื’ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื•ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืฉืœืš! ืชืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื ื—ืžื“?

ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื

ื›ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ื, ืืœ ืชื™ื‘ื”ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ื ืื• ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืคืชื—ื• ื•ื™ืกืชืชื• ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื—ืกื•ื, ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ื•ืžืก ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื, ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš. ื”ื‘ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš. ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ืฉื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”. ืื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช?

ืื ืืชื” ืขื“ ืœืชืื•ื ื” ืื•, ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืžืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœื™ืš ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš, ืžื™ืงื•ืžืš, ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืชืื•ื ื” ืื™ืจืขื” ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื•.ย 

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”:

  • ืžืฉื˜ืจื” - 106
  • ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก โ€“ 104
  • ืืฉ - 105

ืืชื” ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื•"ื— ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืื•ื ื”. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

ืชื ืื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืจืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื™. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืชืฆืื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื ื•ืคื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”.

ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 15 ืœ-29 ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•ืืจ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2019 ืฉื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื•ื 29 ืœื™ื•ื. ื›ืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•-21 ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื.

ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-147 ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 183 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืžื• ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.

ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื ื”ื™ื’ืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ.

ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื•ืงืœืืกื™. ื”ืงืื ื˜ืจื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”; ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40, 1950 ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30 ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช!

ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื›-60,000 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืื™ืงืก, ืฉื‘ืจื•ืœื˜, ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืก, ืคื•ืจื“, ืคื•ื ื˜ื™ืืง, ืคืœื™ืžื•ืช' ื•ืกื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจืก. ืืชื” ื’ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืคืกืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’'ืœื™'ืก, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื ื™ืกื ืก ื•ืกื™ื˜ืจื•ืืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืกืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจืื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืจื—ืคื™ื ืžืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ; ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื”

ืœืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื Autopistas . 7 ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืื’ืจื” ื”ืœืœื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”, ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”.

ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœ 2 ืขื“ 4 ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืื™ืกืœื” ื“ื” ืœื” ื™ื•ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื ื•ืื™ื‘ื” ื’'ืจื•ื ื” ืœืœื” ืคื” ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ื›ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืื’ืจื” ืื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ืื’ืจื”.

ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ

ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืž-29,850 ืง"ืž ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื•-31,038 ืง"ืž ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื ื•ืขื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช. ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื›ืคืจื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื•ื›ืคืจื™ื, ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืจืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘.

ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ืจืžืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื

ื˜ืจืžืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”; ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืกื•ืข. ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื• ืœืชืช ืœื˜ืจืžืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ.

ื—ืกืจื™ื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื

ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช. ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš ืชืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜, ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืžืคื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.

ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืชืื•ืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘

ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื•ืคื•ืช ืกืขืจื” ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช, ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ืื™ื•ืžื”.

ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื›ื ื’ื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืงื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื”ืขื ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžื ื•ืžืก ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™, ืฉื ื“ื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืื™ืชื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”. ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืคื ืก ื“ื•ืœืง, ื”ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืื• ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื!

ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช, ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช, ืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™.

ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืฆื™ื“ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืจืงืข ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืฉืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืงืจื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืžื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”?

KpH ื•-MPH ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’. ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• 81% ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘-KpH ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืขื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื–ืืช.

ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘-9% ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘-MPH. ืื ืืชื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื, ื”ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ KpH ืœ-MPH ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ 1.609 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ.

ืคืขืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ KpH ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื’ ื–ื”ื™ืจ, ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืœื ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืชื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืื™.

ืกืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจ

ืื ืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP. ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืจื›ื‘ืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ; ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, IDP ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœืš ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘.

ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช IDP ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื—ืงื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื 165 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’

ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืขื ืืฉืจืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื”ื’ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื”ื’ืฉืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืื ืืชื” ื›ืฉื™ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืžื” ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืŸ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื

ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ืื• ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื“ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช, ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืื• ื›ืฆืœื. ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื•ื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ืงื•ื‘ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ; ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’.

ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช

ื›ืŸ, ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื”. ืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขื‘ืจ ืคืœื™ืœื™, ืื• ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืงื™.

ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืืชื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืงื•ื‘ื ื™. ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 5000 CUC, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”?

ื”ืžืจืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ 18 ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืืชื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš, ื•ืชื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”?

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืื—ื•ืช, ื˜ื‘ื—, ืžืœืฆืจ ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืคื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืื ืืชื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉืคืช ืื, ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ.

ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื™. ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืกืกืช, ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ื•ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”

ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”

ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืกืกืช ื•ืกืœืกื”, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”! ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืชื•ืกืกืช ืขื ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงืงื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ!

ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืจืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก ื”ืืฆื™ืœ ืืจื ืกื˜ ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื”. ื”-La Bodequita Del Medio ื•-El Floridita ื”ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืชื”ื™ืœืชื• ืฉื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ.

ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืขืจื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”! ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืจืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืกืกื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”. ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”! ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืคืกืคืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื›ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื. ืกืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•ื˜ืงืกื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช

ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื”, ื”-Cocotaxi. ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืงื•ื˜ืงืกื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘-La Bodeguita del Medio ืœืงืฆืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื˜ื•.

ื‘. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืคืœืื–ื” ื“ื” ืœื” ื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ

ืคืœืื–ื” ื“ื” ืœื” ื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”. ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”; ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช Cerro Marti ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ. ื›ืฉืชื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ, ืชืจืื• ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื“ืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื•ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื” ื’ื•ื•ืืจื” ื•ืงืžื™ืœื• ืฆ'ื™ื ืคื•ืื’ื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช.

ื’. ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื‘-La Cabaรฑa ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”

ืืœ ืชืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืœื” ืงื‘ืื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื”, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืชื•ืกืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื›ื, ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ.

ื“. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™

ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™? ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืš. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”. ื—ืœืงื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื›ืžื• La Bodeguitta, ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช.

ื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช El Bosque de la Habana

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ El Bosque de la Habana ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”. ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืืœ ื‘ื•ืกืงื” ื“ื” ืœื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื”. ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื ื”ืจื•ืช Alamendares. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœืš ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจ.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืœืก

Viรฑales ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืขืžืง ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื•ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคื™ื ืืจ ื“ืœ ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืง ืฉืœื”ื ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ืืœืก ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, Valle de Viรฑales, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืฉื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืง ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืคื™ ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื ื•ืฃ ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช. ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืง. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก:

ื. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื”

ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื›ืฉืชื’ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืง.

ื‘. ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื˜ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืง

ืงื•ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก, ื•ืชืจืื” ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช. ืื ืืชื ื ืฉืืจื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžื˜ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืง, ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืง, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ื’. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฆื“ ืœื—ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก, ื”-Cayo Jutias ื•-Cayo Levisa. ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคื™ื. ื‘ืงืื™ื• ื’'ื•ื˜ื™ืืก ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื ื”, ืืœื ืจืง ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœื—ื ื™ื”, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืงืื™ื• ืœื•ื™ืกื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืงื•ื“ื.

ื“. ืฆืคื• ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืžืžืœื•ืŸ Jazmines

ืœืžืœื•ืŸ Jazmines ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฃ ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ ื™ืคื”ืคื” ืฉืœ Viรฑales ืžื”ืžืจืคืกืช ืฉืœื•. ื–ื”ื• ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืงืกื™ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื ื•ืคื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก.

ื”. ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘- Murales de la Prehistoria

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ื—ืงืจ ื‘- Murales de la Prehistoria ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื”- Murales de la Prehistoria ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืœืื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืœื“ื• ื’ื•ื ื–ืœืก ืžื•ืจื™ืœื•, ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื ื™ืื•-ืžืขืจื•ืช. ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ืจ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืกืœืข ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื•ื™ื ื™ืืœืก.

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”, ืžืงื•ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ืคืœืื–ื” ืžืื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“, ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืื• ื‘ืืจื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ.

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืืชืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“:

ื. ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื”. ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืืจืงื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™.

ื‘. Hangout ื‘ืคืœืื–ื” ืžืื™ื•ืจ

ืคืœืื–ื” ืžืื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“, ื‘ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื”. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืœืื–ื” ืžืื™ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ. ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช, ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ื’ื ื™ื.

ื’. ื˜ืคืกื• ืขืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“

ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœืื–ื” ืžืื™ื•ืจ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ืชื™ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืคืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื˜ืขื™ ืงื ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ.

ื“. ืชื™ื”ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“

ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื”. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช, ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื˜ื•, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช. ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืคืกืคืก ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœื›ื ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“.

ื”. ืฆื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฆื“ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืคืœืื™ื” ืื ืงื•ืŸ

ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฆื“ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืฃ ืคืœืื™ื” ืื ืงื•ืŸ. ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฆื“ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข, ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืฃ ืคืœืื™ื” ืื ืงื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™

ืชืงืฃ ืœ-1-3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”