ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืงืœ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ: ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื!โž”
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืืช ืื“ื•ืืจ ื˜ืžื‘ื”

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš

2021-07-29 ยท 9 ื“ืงื•ืช

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ื’ื™ื ืื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘-ECOWAS (ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”), ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืื• ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืžืขืจื‘. ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืœืกืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-250 ืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ 25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.

ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช, Camaroes , ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1472 ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืกืคืŸ ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืคืจื ื ื“ื• ืคื• ืœื ื”ืจ ื•ื•ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืืœื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก ื‘ื ื”ืจ, ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” Rio Dos Camaroes, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก. ืžืžื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ืฉืžื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš?

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื• ืžื•ืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืจื—ื”. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืกืคืง ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ืœืœื ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ืžืคืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืžื›ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชืจืฆื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื— ืงืฆืช, ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ืžืคืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™

ืœืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœ 475,650 ืงืž"ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืžืขื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ืืจื”"ื‘, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”. ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ืคื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ืืงืœื™ื ื—ื ื•ืœื— ืขื ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื‘ืžืื™ 1972 ื”ืคื›ื” ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ื‘-1984 ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™

ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘: ืžืคืจืฅ ื’ื™ื ืื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘; ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘; ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื•, ื’ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื ืื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื; ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื•ืฆ'ืื“ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—; ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื’ื ืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ืื’ื ืฆ'ืื“ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืื•ื ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจืชื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื•ืืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช.

ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืขื“ื”, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื“ืจื•; Limbe, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜; ื•ืงืจื™ื‘ื™, ื”ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืฆ'ืื“-ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘-1884; ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืฆืจืคืช.

ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•. ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืชื™ ืฉืคื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช: ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-80% ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•-ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ืคืชืงื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื•ื›ื•'.

ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›-250 ืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืฉืคืช ื”ืคื•ืœืื ื™, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” Fulfulde, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืจืง ื›ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื•ืคื•ืŸ ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ืืช ืฉืคื” ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื ืชืคืก.

ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื”

ืœืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืงืจืงืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 475,650 ืงืž"ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”-53 ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืœืคืคื•ืื” ื’ื™ื ืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืœืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื, ืืงืœื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื”ึดื™ืกื˜ื•ึนืจึดื™ึธื”

ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 1884, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”, ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ืฆืจืคืช ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจื— ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืงื—ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื‘ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›"ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™".

ืื—ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื˜ื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœืื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”-18 ื•ื”-19. ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ืžืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1884, ืฉื ื”ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืขื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ื ืชืŸ ืœืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-80% ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื 20% ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”.

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืืš ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70, ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืชื” ื›"ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื”", ื•ืžืงื“ืžืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืงืœื™ื, ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื” ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื™ ืกืคืืจื™. ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื: ื‘ืจื“ืœืกื™ื, ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื, ื’'ื™ืจืคื•ืช, ืคื™ืœื™ื, ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื•ืช, ืงืจื ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืืชืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ IDP

ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ , ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœืœื›ืช ื›ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช IDP, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื”ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ?

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ- IDP. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”/ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ืชืžื•ื ื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 16 ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ืžื ื“ื”, ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืื™ื ื• ืชืงืฃ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”; ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ-IDP, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ?

ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ- IDP. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ-IDP ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ; ืจืง ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœืš, ืžื™ืงื•ื“, ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืื IDP ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš?

ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืฉืคื”. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืื ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืขืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”, ืื– ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš IDP. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช IDP, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื“ืจืš ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœืš, ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ IDP ืชืงืฃ?

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืขื“ ืฉื ื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ืžื ื“ื”, ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกื™ื•ืข, ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืกืคืง ืœืš ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”. ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืคื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืื ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื.

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืงืฆืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืืจืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ: ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืงื•ื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื 147$ ืœื™ื•ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• Avis, ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื” 71 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ืจืฅ ืขื•ืœื” 129 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ืืœื” ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ.

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ 25 ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืงืคื”. ืขืœื™ืš ื’ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื’ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ืชืงืฃ ื•ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืขื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ืขื“ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืกื•ื’ ื“ื’ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืชืฉื›ื™ืจ ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืชืฉืœืžื•. ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืš - ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื•ืืŸ, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื—, ื•ืกื“ืืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช: Avis, Hertz, Europcar Car Rental, ื•-Budget Car Rental. ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื›ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ื™ืงืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืœื ื˜ืจื—ื”. ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืœื•ืช, ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ืžื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš.



  • ื›ืœื›ืœื” - $65 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ - $110 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ - $168 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ - $168 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืžืฉืื™ืช - $150 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืœื - $204 ืœื™ื•ื

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 25 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ 18 ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืœื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื’ื™ืœ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18 ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื•ืช. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืžืœืช ื ื”ื’ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ื’ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืจื›ื‘. ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื ืกืคืง ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘.

ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘


ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•: ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื; ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืกื” ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืžืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืœืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ.

ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืืœื” ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืืช ืื“ื•ืืจ ื˜ืžื‘ื”

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ืžื›ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื– ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ืœื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš ื—ืœืงื” ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. 86% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœ-0.08% ืื—ื•ื– ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ืื• 80 ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืจื ืœ-100 ืž"ืœ ื“ื. ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช, ื•-56.8% ืžืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช 3.1 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื•ืคื•ืฆืขื•ืช 50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืžืœืจื™ื”. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•, ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ 90% ืžื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ื’ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ.

ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ, ืœื”ืื˜ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืืœื” ืื• ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื›ื ื›ื™ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชืคืกื• ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื–ื”ื• ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืœื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ืžืื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš.

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชืคืกื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื ืก ืฉืœ ืขื“ 1,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื• ืžืืกืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื ืก ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 2,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืืกืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื—ึฒื ึธื™ึธื”

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื—ื ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื: ื—ื ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื ื™ื”, ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ.

ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ื—; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืื• ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืฆื“, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ืชืงื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืœืคื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช. ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ.

ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื 60 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื”, ืืœื ืื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืช. ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ 100 ืงืž"ืฉ ืขืงื‘ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื 100 ืงืž"ืฉ. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชืคืกื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืงื ืก ื•ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.

ืื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘-1 ืขื“ 20 ืงืž"ืฉ, ืชื•ืขื ืงื• ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื 150 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืž-21 ืขื“ 30 ืงืž"ืฉ, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื ืงื ืก ืฉืœ 200 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืž-31 ืขื“ 40 ืงืž"ืฉ, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื 300 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืื ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ 41 ืขื“ 50 ืงืž"ืฉ, ืชืงื‘ืœ 12 ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ืื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืž-51-60 ืงืž"ืฉ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60 ืงืž"ืฉ, ืชืงื‘ืœ 24 ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 5-14 ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 15 ืœ-29. ืื—ื“ ืžืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื’ื™ืจืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคืฆื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื—ื’ื•ืจ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื•ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืชืจืื” ืžืขื˜ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื—ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืœื ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื™ืื•ื ื“ื”. ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงืžืจื•ืŸ; ืืชื” ืชืžืฆื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช, ืขืœื™ืš ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืขืงื™ืคื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืขืงื™ืคื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ, ืกืขื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืœื ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”

ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™. ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ืชืžืฆืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื” ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืš ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื—ืจืช - ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื•ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื ืื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜. ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ืœืœื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื. ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:



  • ืกื›ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
  • ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
  • ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื“ื‘ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
  • ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœื ืื—ื™ื“
  • ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ
  • ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ื
  • ืชื ื•ืขื” ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™
  • ืชื ื•ืขื” ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื›ืคื™ืคื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ
  • ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื
  • ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ
  • ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ
  • ืฆื•ืžืช T
  • ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืฉืžืืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจ
  • ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืงืœืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื˜ื•ื‘
  • ืฆื•ืžืช ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช
  • ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”
  • ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”
  • Quayside ืื• River Bank Ahead
  • ืžื ื”ืจื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืื•ืชื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืžืขื•ืคืคื™ื ื ืžื•ืš
  • ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ืจื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืื• ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ืื˜
  • ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื˜ื™ืช
  • ื’ืฉืจ ืขื ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืจืืฉ ื ืžื•ืš ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงื•ืžื”
  • ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ืœืฉืžืืœ
  • ืขืงื•ืžื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืื“ื•ื. ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:



  • ืื™ืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
  • ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืžืืœื”
  • ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”
  • ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช
  • ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืจื ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
  • ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฅ
  • ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ื•ืฉื•ืช
  • ืœื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช
  • ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื”
  • ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ
  • ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืฆืคื™ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘
  • ื‘ืœื™ ื’'ื™-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ
  • ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื
  • ืœื ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื”.
  • ืœื ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘.
  • ืœื ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื•ื“ืฃ.
  • ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื”

ืœืฉืœื˜ื™ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื: ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืกืžืœ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:



  • ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“
  • ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืคื•ื ื” ืฉืžืืœื”
  • ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ
  • ื“ืจืš ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช
  • ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืคื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“
  • ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืื• ืื•ืคื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘. ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื. ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:



  • ื—ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืกื”
  • ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ
  • ืžืขื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ืจื”
  • ื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคื“ืœื™ื
  • ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
  • ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
  • ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ืœืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื“ืจืš
  • ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ ืžืœืคื ื™ื.
  • ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
  • ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื” ืขืœ ืื“ื•ื
  • ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื•ื
  • ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื“ื™.
  • ืžืฆืœืžืช ืื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื
  • ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื›ืชื•ื, ื›ืชื•ื ืžืœื‘ื ื™ ืื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืœื‘ื ื™. ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:



  • ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
  • ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืข ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืข ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
  • ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
  • ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
  • ืคืจื™ืกืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
  • ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช
  • ืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
  • ื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ื”
  • ืฆืœื—ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
  • ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื“ื“
  • ืกืžืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงื•ืžื”
  • ืขืงื™ืคื” ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ
  • ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ
  • ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืขืงืฃ ืžืจืืฉ

ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ


ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ "ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช" ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืชื ื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ. ืื ืืชื” ืื• ื ื”ื’ ืื—ืจ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ

ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืžืคื ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืขื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ื“ืจืš ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื.

ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™

ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชืงืฃ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื 16 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18. ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 16 ื•ืžืขืœื” ืœื’ื™ืœ 70 ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœ 70 ืœ-74 ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœ- IDP ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขืงื™ืคื”

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ืื• ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืขืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืขื•ืงืฃ, ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืžืืœื”. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™.

ืฆื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืฆื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ. ืขืงืคื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืขื•ืงืคื™ื. ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ื ืงืžืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ. ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ื›ื ื”ื’ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•.

ื”ืื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื?

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื—ืจืช - ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืžื•ืฆื‘ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืœืš ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื.

ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื—ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™?

ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื—ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืœื ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ืคืฉ ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ืš.

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ?

ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืขืงื™ืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืงื™ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช. ืื– ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช.

ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘

ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืื• ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื›ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื ืกื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืฆื‘ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ ื”ืชืงืœื” ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ืžืชืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื’ื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช. ื’ืจืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช. ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.

ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช

ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื• ืกืชื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื“, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืชืคืขื™ืœ. ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืฆื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืชื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื˜ืจื—ื”, ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ืš.

ืขืœื™ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื“ืข ืžืชื™ ืชืชืงืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ืื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงื ื” ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชืš ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืื ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื” ืื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ืกื›ื• ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”, ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืš ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืื–ืจื—. ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื.

ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ืš. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื, ื”ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื: ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื ืก ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช. ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื•ื˜ืจื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”.

ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช?

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืงืœ. ืื ื™ืฉ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื, ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื•ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื•ืืกืคื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืชืื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ืชื ืื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ื’ื•ืจื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืขืจื ื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช

ืœืคื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฉืžืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 16,583 ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ืจื’ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืื– 2012, ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื 20018-2014 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืจืฉืžื•.

ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื 70% ืžืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ: ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจ, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื. ืžื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœ-7000 ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.

ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›-7%. ืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช: ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”, ื ื™ืกืืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื” ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™. ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœ-37,542; ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกืืŸ ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• 14,756; ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื” ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœ-10,846; ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 4,760.

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื”

ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช 14 ืชืื™ ืื’ืจื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ืขืชื™ ืื•, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืงืฉื™ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืชื™ ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 2.00 ืž' ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 2 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ 1.50 ืžื˜ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื•ืช/ื”ืคืขืœื”.

ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš. ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืฉืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช, ืฉืžื—ืœืฆืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื”, ื•ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื˜ืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื.

ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืืจื™ื ื•ืกื™ื•ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื, ืืš ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืกืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•-65% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืœื™ืœื™ืช. ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืžื”ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ?

ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื”, ืงืค"ืฉ ื•ืžื™ืœ ืœืฉืขื”, ืงืž"ืฉ ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘-Mph ื”ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘, ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื›ื•'; ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ Kph ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.

ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ?

ืื ืืชื” ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื“ื ื™. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช. ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืžื“ ื•ืจืง ื“ื•ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจื’ืœ.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื›ืก, ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.

ืกืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจ


ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ืชืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื“ืข ืžืชื™ ืชืชืงืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ื. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ 2019 ื•ื›ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2020.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ืื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื–ืจ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ืจื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืžืืชืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืื’ืจื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.

ื™ืฉื ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš. ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืงืžืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืื• ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2020.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื


ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•"ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืจื™ืœื ืกืจื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ืืฉืจืช ืชื™ื™ืจ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชืงืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช

ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื›ื ืขื• ืืœืคื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžืจืงืข ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ, ืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”; ื”ืขืชืง ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื; ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืงื“ื—ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื”; ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืžื›ืชื‘ ืงื‘ืœื”; ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืืฉืจืช ื›ื ื™ืกื”; ื•ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืืš ื ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ื”ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ?

ืื ืืชื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชืจืฆื• ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชืงืฃ ืจืง ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื– ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื•. ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœืš ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืกื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื, ืชืงื ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืื•ืชื•ืช.

ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ

ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื "ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื”" ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื”. ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ ืขื™ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืงืจื™ื‘ื™

ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ 'ื”ืžืคืœ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ื' ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืคืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”. ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืคื™ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™, Plage de Grand Batanga-Londji village des pรชcheurs, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.

ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืžืคืœื™ ืฆ'ื•ื˜ืก ื“ื” ืœื” ืœื•ื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 8 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ืžื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื”ืžืคืœื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืจืื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

  1. ืกืขื• ืœืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ื ืกื™ืžืืœืŸ.
  2. ืฆืื• ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ Bolem.
  3. ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ Bolem, ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœ-Peage d'Okoa Maria.
  4. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœ-Mandoumba.
  5. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ N7.
  6. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืงืจื™ื‘ื™.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•, ื”ื ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™.

  1. ื‘ืงืจื• ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื• ืžืžืคืœื™ ื”ืœื•ื‘.

    ืžืคืœื™ Lobe Falls ื”ื ืื—ืช ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืคืœื™ื ื•ืื– ื ืฉืคืš ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™; ื”ื’ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื—ื•ืœ.
  2. ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ืงืจื™ื‘ื™.

    ืื ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ื, ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืกื•ืŸ, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืžื›ืžื” ื ื•ืคื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืœื›ื• ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
  3. ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงืจื™ื‘ื™.

    ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืฆื•ืžืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืขื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ืื—ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžืจืคืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืจื”, ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ื•.
  4. ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื.

    ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืคื ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
  5. ืฆืคื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขื”.

    ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงืกื•ืžื” ืขื ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืคื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืœืงืกื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชืจืื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ ืงืจื™ื‘ื™. ืœื ืžืœ ืงืกื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ืžืืช ืื“ื•ืืจ ื˜ืžื‘ื”

ื™ืื•ื ื“ื”

ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืจืช ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื™ืื•ื ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ืช. ืขื™ืจ ืงืกื•ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืชืคืจืฉืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืข ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ืคืข. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื’ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš.

ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืกื ื˜ืจ, ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ Mfoundi ื”ื–ื•ืจื ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ื. ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 700 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื•ืœื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืจื•ื ื“ื• ื•ืื™ื˜ื•ืŸ; ืื ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

  1. ืกืขื• ืœืขื™ืจ ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ื ืกื™ืžืืœืŸ.
  2. ืฆืื• ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืคื ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ N2.
  3. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘-Allo Road.
  4. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘-Carrefour Odza.
  5. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘-Supermarche Ecomax.
  6. ืกืขื• ืœ-Carrefour Scalom ื•ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืื•ื ื“ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:

ื™ืื•ื ื“ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื›ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ.

  1. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

    ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ืืœ ืชื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืฆืื• ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”. ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืฉื, ืขื ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•.
  2. ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ Mefou.

    ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 45 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื™ืื•ื ื“ื”, ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ Mefou ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Ape Action Africa. ื”-AAA ื”ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืžื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื™ืจืื• ืœื›ื ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื, ืžืงื“ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื ื“ืจื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื” ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ืฉ.
  3. ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘-La Paillote.

    ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•, ืงื—ื• ื”ืคืกืงื” ื•ืื›ืœื• ืืช La Paillote. ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืจืคืกืช ืžื•ืฆืœืช ืžืงืกื™ืžื” ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืฉืš ืงื”ืœ ื ืืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื’ื ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
  4. ื”ื™ืจื’ืขื• ื‘-Institut Francais.

    ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. Institut Francais ืžืกืคืง ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”, ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื‘ืงืคื” ื“ื” ืคืจืื ืก ืฉื‘ืืชืจ. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืœืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืกืื•ื ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
  5. ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื.

    ืฆืคื™ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ืขื ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื ื•ืขื– ืขื ืคืกื™ืคืก ืืคืจื•ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืืœื” ืžืืช ืื“ื•ืืจ ื˜ืžื‘ื”

ื“ื•ืืœื”

ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืฆืช ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ื•ืขื’ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžืš ืœื‘ืงืจ. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ืจื›ื–ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื™ืชืจ ืคืขื™ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ืช, ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื—; ืืชื” ืœื ืชื™ืจื’ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ื“ื•ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”, ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื“ื•ืืœื”. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ CEMAC, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืงื•ื ื’ื•, ืฆ'ืื“, ื’ื‘ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื’ื™ื ืื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืงืžืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืงืื•, ืงืคื”, ืฉืžืŸ, ืžืชื›ื•ืช, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืฆื™ื.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

  1. ืกืขื• ืœืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ืืœื” ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืืœื”.
  2. ืฆืื• ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ N3.
  3. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘-Rond Point CCC.
  4. ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ Ndokoti.
  5. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘-Total City of Palms ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื•ืืœื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื.

  1. ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ ื“ื” ื“ื•ืืœื”.

    ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื, ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื•ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืกื—ืจ ื™ืžื™. ื”ื“ื™ื’ ื‘-Douaou ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
  2. ืชื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘-Doual'art.

    ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื ื™ื, ื”ื“ื•ืืœ'ืืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื•. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื›ื– ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1991 ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
  3. ืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘-La Nouvelle Liberte.

    ื”-La Nouvelle Liberte ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื•ื”ืกืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืืœื”, ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืกืžืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” 12 ืžื˜ืจ ืขื ืžื•ื˜ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 5 ืžื˜ืจ ื•-8 ื˜ื•ืŸ.
  4. ืชืขืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช Nachtigal.

    ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1930. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืชืจื ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืืœืคื™ ืžืืจืงื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ื”, ืื•ืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื ื›ื˜ื™ื’ืœ, ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื.
  5. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœืช Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul.

    ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœื” ื–ื• ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ. ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ืคืจ ื•ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืขื ืง ื•ืคืกืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื. ืงืชื“ืจืœื” ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ.

ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™

ืชืงืฃ ืœ-1-3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”