ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืกื ื’ืœ
ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘March 9, 2022

Senegal Driving Guide

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš

15. ื“ืงื•ืช

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ืงื“ื—ืชื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื“ืงืืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืชื•ืกืกืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื ื”ืจ ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ.

ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืืœื™, ื’ื™ื ืื”, ื’ื™ื ืื”-ื‘ื™ืกืื• ื•ืžืื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืกื”ืœ-ืกื”ืจื”, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” (ECOWAS), ื•ื”ืื•"ื. ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช "ื–ื ืื’ื”", ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื "ืกื ื”ืื’'ื”", ื•ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืœื” "ื’ืืœ", ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื.

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืง ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš?

ื™ึทืขึทื“

ืื™ืš ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš?

ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืกื•ืŸ. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืกื ื’ืœ. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื ื’ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื›ืœืกืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจืชื”, ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงืืค-ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ื“ืงืืจ. ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคืจื ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืื™ืกืœืื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื›ืžืขื˜ 95.9% ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™

ื ื”ืจ ืกื ื’ืœ ืชื•ื—ื ืืช ืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื—, ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืžืืœื™ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—, ื’ื™ื ืื” ื•ื’ื™ื ืื”-ื‘ื™ืกืื• ืœื“ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘. ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงื™ื™ืค ื•ืจื“ื” (Cap Vert). ื’ืžื‘ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืื“ืžื” ืฆืจื” ื”ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื ื”ืจ ื’ืžื‘ื™ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืœืชื•ืš ืกื ื’ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื–ืืžื ืก ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืœืงืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช:

  • ื”ื›ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืฃ ื•ืจื“ื”
  • ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
  • ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืคื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื

ืžืกื™ื‘ Fouta Djallon ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 1,906 ืจื’ืœ. ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ ืžืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื›ื”, ื ืฉื˜ืฃ ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ืงื ืจื™. ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ืœืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ื›ืฃ ื•ืจื“ื”, ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืงืืจ, ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

ืฉืคื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›-39 ืฉืคื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช (ืฉืคื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช) ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช: ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื“ื”.

ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ - ืกืจืจ, ื•ื•ืœืฃ, ื“ื™ื•ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืœื”. ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื ื“ื” ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืจื”, ืžืืœื™ื ืงื” ื•ืกื•ื ื™ื ืงื”.

ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื”

ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื 196,190 ืงืž"ืจ, ืžืชื•ื›ื 192,000 ืงืž"ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•-4,190 ืงืž"ืจ ืžื™ื. ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 14 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื•-14 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืจื™ื“ื™ืืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 75,955 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื•ืข (196,722 ืงืž"ืจ), ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืชื•ื ื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื•ื ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.

ื”ึดื™ืกื˜ื•ึนืจึดื™ึธื”

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืžืœื›ืช ื’ืื ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-8 ื•ืžืžืœื›ืช ื’'ื•ืœื•ืฃ ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืกื ื’ืœ ื•ื“ืงืืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”-13 ื•ื”-14. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-16, ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื 'ืจื•ืฆื™ื': ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื ื“ื—ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ืฆืื• ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื ืืกืคื™ื.

ืขื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื‘-1960, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืกื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืืœื™. ื”ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ืื– ื”ืคื›ื” ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืชื—ืช ืœื™ืื•ืคื•ืœื“ ืกื“ืจ ืกื ื’ื•ืจ, ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœื ืชืื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืฅ 2000, ืœืื—ืจ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืขื‘ื“ื•ืœืื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืกืฃ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืกืข ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื™. ื“ื™ื•ืฃ ื›ื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื.

ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืฆื” ื—ื•ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”-MS Joola, ื”ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื“ืงืืจ. ืขื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื–ืืžื ืก, ื–ื™ื’ื•ื ืฆ'ื•ืจ, ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื•ืžืก ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ 2,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื”ืงืœื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื• (ืขื“ ื›ื”) ืขืœ ืžืจื“ ืงื–ืืžื ืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ 2004, ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืจืืฉืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื“ืจื™ืกื” ืกืง ื‘-2005 ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืจืขื”, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืกืขืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.

ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึธืœึธื”

ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื‘-1963 ื•ืฉื•ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1998. ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื™ืžืฆื• ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 200. ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืงื ื”, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช; ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืงืจืงืข, ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช; ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื™ืื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืจื‘-ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ืช. ื—ื•ืงืช 2001 ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ - ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืชื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.

ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื. ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ืช (ื”ืืกืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช) ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช; ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืžื›ื”ื ื™ื ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”

ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื—ื•ืœืงืช ืœ-14 ืื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืชืื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืกื’ื ื™ ื ื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—.

ืืกื™ืคื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘-1996, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœืงื”, ื”ืคืจื™ืคืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื”, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืฉืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืงืจ.

ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืชื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื’"ืฅ, ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืœืืกื™ืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.

ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ 96.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ FCFA (129 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ) ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื“ื™ืจื’ื• ืืช ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ื’ ื•ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื•ืคื•ืกืคื˜ื™ื. ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ 12,000 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•-18,000 ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืจื•ื 2.5% ืžื”ืชืž"ื’. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื’ื ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘.

ืกื ื’ืœ ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชืชืจื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืœืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืกื™ื, ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจื™, ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™. ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ืชื ื”. ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ IDP

ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ืฉืคื” ื‘ื™ื ืš ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื”ืื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ?

ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืชืงืฃ ื•- IDP ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืกื ื’ืœ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”-IDP ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืžืš ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฉืœืš, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœืš. ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-IDP ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ืœื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื•. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืจืฉื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”.

d97 ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ? ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืกืžืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื–ืžื™ืŸ 24/7 ื•ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-150 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘-8 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ!

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ?

ืื ืืชื” ืื–ืจื— ืขื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืจื™ ืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื›ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืœืš. ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ืฉืคื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงืฃ ืจืง ืขื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš.

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš IDP ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ?

ืืžื ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืฉื”ื•ืชืš ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื. ืกื ื’ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ IDP, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ื”ืื IDP ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš?

ื”-IDP ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”-IDP ืื™ื ื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-IDP ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ืื™ืชืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘. ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื™ื.

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฆื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื‘ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ืžื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœืš, ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื’ ื ืคืชื—. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื“ืงืจื•ื–ืจื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื™ื 4x4, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืขืœ ืื™ื™ื. Europcar ื”ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืš ื›ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืคืงืืจ ื”ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื. ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ GPS ื•ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘-Avis Rent A Car.

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื

ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืš. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืงืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช-ืงืœื ื“ื•, ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช-ื‘ืจื•ืก ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื. ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›'ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื' ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฉื‘ืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื—, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช 4x4, ืœื ื“ืงืจื•ื–ืจ, ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื.

ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื™ืขืœื” 33 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ื›ืจ, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื’ื ืžื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกืคืงืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ ืงืžืคื™ื ื’, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื—ื ืื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื•-WiFi. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ืืŸ:

  • ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ - $33.00 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ - $35.00 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ื•ืืŸ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื - $49.00 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื - $60.00 ืœื™ื•ื
  • ืžื™ื ื™ - $63.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืœื - $70.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ - $75.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื - $78.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื - $84.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ื˜ื ื“ืจ - $95.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื - $99.00/ื™ื•ื
  • ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื - $135/ื™ื•ื

ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ

ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื 23 ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 21 ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 25, ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืขืžืœืช ื ื”ื’ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื.

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืกืคืงื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ืœืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.

ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื ื–ืง ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ (LDW), ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช/ืคืฆื™ืขื” (PAI), ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ื (SLI), ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ืœืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘. ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ื”ืจืก ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘, ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื•ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืฉืœืš ื ืงืœืขื™ื ืœืชืื•ื ื”, ื”-PAI ืžืกืคืง ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืžืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืข ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”. ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช

ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ. ืื™ ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื, ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืื•, ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืืžืฅ.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช

ืกื ื’ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืคื” ื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืขืงื‘ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชื ื”ื’, ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืฉืชื™ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื, ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœืš ืคื•ื—ืชื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืžืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ืฉืœืš ืขื•ืœื”.

ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืืงืจืื™ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืช. ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื–ื™ืง ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘.

ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช

ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชื–ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื˜ืจื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจืฅ.

  • ืื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื—ืฅ: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขื ื”ื—ืฅ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืื• ืฉืžืืœื”; ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžื•ืœ ื ืขืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืžื•ืืจ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื•ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืฉืžืืœื” ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื”.
  • ืื•ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืฅ: ืขืฆื•ืจ ื›ืฉืชืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื•ืžืช ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ. ืื•ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจ. ื”ืื˜ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื—ืฅ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฅ ืื“ื•ื ืžื•ืืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข. ืขืฆื•ืจ ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืฆื•ืžืช.
  • ืื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื•ื—ืฅ: ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืชื™ืชืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื. ืืœ ืชืคื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื“ื•ื. ื—ืฅ ืื“ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ื—ืฅ ื™ืจื•ืง. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ืฅ ืื“ื•ื. ืื•ืจ ืื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื˜ ืขืฆื•ืจ: ืขืฆื•ืจ! ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืคืขืœ ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืขืฆื™ืจื”.
ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.

ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื. ื ืฉื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช. ืื ืœื ืชืฆื™ื’ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืงื ืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช.

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื—ืช ืžืก ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชืงืฃ ื•ืžืกืžืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื”. ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื ื’ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื– ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืื ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื ื•ืกืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื”. ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

ืจื•ื‘ ื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 135 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.

ืชืงื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืœืกื ื’ืœ, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื ื’ืœ. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื ื’ืœ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื“ื ื™ ืื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœื“ื’ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื– ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืš ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืจื›ื‘ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ืจ, ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”. ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืงื ืกื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.

ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื 50 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื 90 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3,500 ืง"ื’, ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ 90 ืงืž"ืฉ. ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื•ืžืขื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช; ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืฉื•ืžื”.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช", ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื’ื ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื, ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื•ืกื™ื, ืงื˜ื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื™/ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืืœื™ ืœืกื ื’ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืืœื”:

1. ืคื ื” ืœ-RN24 ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ืก.

2. ืกืข ื‘-N24 ืœืงื“ื•ื’ื• ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœ-Saraya Rd ื‘ืงื’ื•ื’ื•, ืกื ื’ืœ.

3. ืกืข ื‘-N7 ื•-N1 ืœ-Rue 14 ื‘ื“ืงืจ, ื•ืื– ืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืž-N1.

4. ืกืข ื™ืฉืจ ืž-Rue 14 ืœ-Rue CO39. ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืงื•ืœื•ื‘ืืŸ, ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”

ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืกื ื’ืœ. ืฆืคื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื:

1. ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”: ืฉืœื˜ื™ ืขืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืš ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื. ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

2. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืขืฆื•ืจ: ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืชืžืจื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืจ ื ืฆืคื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืžืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื. ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืจ.

3. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช: ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื” ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื 40 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉืขื”, ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”.

4. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื™ื”: ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื•ืœ ืจื›ื‘ื, ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืžืจื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื ื™ื™ื. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื™ื™ื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•, ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ืงืฆืจื”, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืื˜ ืื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ.

5. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจืกื”: ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจืกื” ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจืฉื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจืกื” (ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš).

6. ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื: ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžืฉื—ืง, ืชืžืจื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืžืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืœืกื›ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.

ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ

ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื ื’ืœ. ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ืื• ื›ื‘ืื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจ. ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ืช. ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืฆืžืชื™ื (ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช 35 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ื•ืงื™

ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ 18 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš. ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ 16, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืจืง ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืŸ 23 ืื ืืชื” ื–ืจ. ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื”ื ืœื ื ืขื• ืขืœ ืคืกื™ ืขืคืจ.

ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืš, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื” ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื ื•ืกื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืกื›ื ืช ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขืงื™ืคื”

ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ื›ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืœืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.

ืขืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืจื‘-ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจื”. ืืœ ืชืขืงื•ืฃ ื•ื—ื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ. ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืขืงื™ืคื”:

  • ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืคื ื•ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืงืฃ.
  • ืกืžืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžืกืคืงืช.
  • ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืฆื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช", ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื’ื ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื, ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื•ืกื™ื, ืงื˜ื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ื”ื’ื™/ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืกื ื’ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืกื ื’ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืขื” ื™ืžื ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืจื”.

ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช, ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื• ืœืš. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื–ืขื•ืคื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช. ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ. ืžื ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘

ืชืงืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ืจืชื™, ืชืงืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—ื•ืช. ื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืชืงืœืงืœ. ื ืกื” ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืฆืžืชื™ื, ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืงื•ืคื™ื ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-30 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื–ื”ืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืœืš. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืš ืžื”ื ืชื™ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงืœื•ืช ื•ื’ืจื™ืจื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘.

ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช

ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื™ืฉื ื ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืชืคื ื” ืœืื“ื ื–ืจ ื‘"ืกืœื™ื—ื”" ืื• "ืกืœื™ื—ื”" ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช. "ืฉืœื•ื", "ื”ื™ื™" ืื• "ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืš ืฉืืœื”?" ืขืฉื•ื™, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ, ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื.

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืื›ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื, ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชืืจื’ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืฆื‘ื, ืžื›ืก, ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืจ. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื–ืžืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš.

ืืœ ืชื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื—ืกื•ื ืœื ืจืฉืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืจื ื•ืช. ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื. ืืœ ืชืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื“ื™ื. ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืชืงืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘, ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชืš ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืžื” ืื ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”?

ืื ื ืคื’ืขืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื ืคืฆืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ืžื™ื“, ืœื ื™ืื•ื—ืจ ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขื•ืช, ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกืจ ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืช ืฉืžืš ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืš. ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก. ืืœ ืชื ืกื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืœืชืช ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื” ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื ื–ืง.

ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ื ืคื’ืข, ืืš ืขืœื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉืžืš, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืš ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœืš. ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืฆืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื˜ ืื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ืคื ืกื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•ืคืฃ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื. ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ื•ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ืชื ืื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ื›ืขืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ืกื ื’ืœ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื” ืขื™ืจื ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.

ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช

ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืžืขื˜ 4,237 ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 1 ืžื›ืœ 19 ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืกื ื’ืœื™ื. ื›-12 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืžื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืฆื” ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ 3 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.

ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื• 4,555 ืื• 5.47 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกืš ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘-2018. ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-13 ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืžื•ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื 41.54 ืœื›ืœ 100,000 ืื ืฉื™ื.

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืื›ืคื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื, ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื

ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืจืื• ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื“ืืŸ ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื—, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืชืžืฆืื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017 ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช:

  • ืคื•ืจื“ ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืกื™ื˜ืจื•ืืŸ C3
  • ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ื˜ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืจื ื•
  • ืžื’ืืŸ ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™
  • ืคื™ื’'ื• 206
  • ืคื™ื’'ื• 307
  • ืคื™ื’'ื• 308
  • ืกื ื˜ื” ืคื” ืคื™ื’'ื• 407
  • ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืจืื‘4

ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื”

ื”ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ืจื™ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืงืืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ื™ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืขืœืชื” ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 4.6% ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืž"ื’.

ื“ืงืืจ ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื ืžืœ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ IFC ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, IFC ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืžืืจื’ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืื’ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 260 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ (230 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•) ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช-ืคืจื˜ื™ืช (PPP). ื ื—ื ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ SENAC, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Eiffage.

ื›ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™, IFC ื•-SENAC ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘-2014 ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืื’ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืงืืจ ื‘-17 ืง"ืž (10.5 ืžื™ื™ืœ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืคื™ ืกื ื’ืœ. ื–ื” ื’ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืงืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, Thiรจs.

ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ

ื”ืขืœืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืขืชื•ื“ื” ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›-2.7 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ื•ื–. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืกื ื’ืœ ืขืฉืชื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ืกื ื’ืœ ื’ื ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื (FERA). ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืงืืจ.

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— (MDG) ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช (ICT). ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื’ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืื’ืจื” ื“ืงืจ-ื“ื™ืืžื ื™ืื“ื™ื•.

ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœืš ืœืœื ื˜ืจื—ื”.

ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ืกื ื’ืœ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืกื ื’ืœ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื“ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืžืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจืช ืคื ื™ื.

ืื•ืžื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจืช ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื•ืžืžื ื”, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš, ืœืื•ืžืช 'ื˜ืจื ื’ื”' (ืฉืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื›'ืื™ืจื•ื—' ื‘ื•ื•ืœื•ืฃ) ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ.

ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืื ื”ื“ืจืš ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืœืžืขื‘ืจ. ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ Give Way, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขื ื”ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืขืงื•ื‘ ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื”ืื ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-Kph ืื• Mph?

Kph ื•-Mph ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื. ื›ืžื• 81% ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืืœื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืง"ืž ืœืฉืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืงืค"ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืขื” ื›ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืจืง 9 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืขื”.

ืžื“ ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืš ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘-Kph, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืกื ื’ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘-Kph, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืฆื’, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช.

ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”?

ื™ืฉ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืกื ื’ืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืจืขื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืื•ืจื” ืœืงื•ื™ื”. ื“ืงืืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืขื•ืžืก ื›ื‘ื“, ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื ื”. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืื•ื ื”, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื.

ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื–ืืžื ืก. ืžืื– 1990, ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื• ืžืžื•ืงืฉื™ื ืืœื”. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื ืคืฅ ื”ืœืœื•. ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืกื ื’ืœ ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื“ืขืชืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืืจืฅ? ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ื•ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืืช ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืกืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจ

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช/ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ื’ื•ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.

ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื, ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช - ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช) ื•ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.

ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘-IDP ืื™ืชืš ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš. IDP ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืฉืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™. ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืกื ื’ืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ืื™ืชืš.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื”ื’

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืืฉืจืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื”ื’ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”. ืื ืืชื” ื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื ื’ืœื™ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงื” ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื ื”, ืื•ื›ืœ, ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืกืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื”ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ, ืจื•ื›ืฉ ื•ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืžืœืื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•.

ื”ื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช

ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืœ-Police des Etrangers ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื”. ื”ื ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชืš ืงืฉืจ. ืขืœื™ืš ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืžืกืžืš ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Police des Etrangers ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก.

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืš ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืกืžืš ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืก ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœืš.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืกื ื’ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.

ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื ื’ืœื™?

ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื ื’ืœื™. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืจ ืฉืœืš ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืกื ื’ืœื™. ื ื“ืจืฉ ื’ื ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฉืชืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืืฉืจื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื– ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืฉื—ืจืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืกื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืœืš.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ?

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืกื ื’ืœ ืœื’ืžื‘ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชืžืฆื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื•ืื” ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืฉืคืช ืื.

ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ

ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืœ ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”. ืืชืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ื”ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืคืœื™ืื” ื•ื™ืžืœืื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื›ื ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ื“ืงืืจ

ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืจืข ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืืœ ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื—ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืžื–ืจื— ื•ืคื•ืจืฅ ื‘ื‘ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืกื•ื—ืจ ืชื•ืกืกื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ื—. ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื”, ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืคืชื”. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื“ืงืจ, ืกื ื’ืœ ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืฃ ืื—ืช!

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

1. ืกืขื• ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ NG-10.

2. ืคื ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ NG-10.

3. ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ YF-23.

4. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ YF-23.

5. ืกืขื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืžืืžื•ืœืื™ื”.

6. ืคื ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืžืืžื•ืœืื™ื”.

7. ืกืข ืขืœ ื”ืจืžืคื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื“ืงืจ.

8. ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื“ื” ืกื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืžืืžื•ืœืื™ื™.

9. ืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™.

10. ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”.

11. ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื” ืœืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืืŸ.

12. ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื” ืœืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื–'ื•ืจื–' ืคื•ืžืคื™ื“ื•.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื“ืงืืจ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ืงืจ:

1. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืื™ ื’ื•ืจื™

ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ืจื™. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื. ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.

2. ืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง HLM.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆืคื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš. ืชืจืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืชืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ ืžืขื ืฃ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.

3. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกื’ื“ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช.

ืžืกื’ื“ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืžืจืื”ื•. ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœืžืกื’ื“, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชืš. ืื—ืจืช, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ืช.

4. ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช

ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื. ืชื—ื•ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขื ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืกื ื’ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืžืš ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš. ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ืœืชืงืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ื•ื—ืกืจ ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื“ืงืจ, ืกื ื’ืœ.

ืคื•ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ

ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืคื•ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืจื”, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงืืค-ื•ืจื˜, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืคื™ื. ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื•ืฃ ื ืงื™ ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฆื—ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืงื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

1. ืคื ื• ืžืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื–'ื•ืจื–' ืคื•ืžืคื™ื“ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ ืื• ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืคื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืŸ.

2. ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™, ืคื ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื”.

3. ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช, ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืกื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื”-ืœื™ืžืืžื•ืœืื™.

4. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขืœ A1.

5. ื‘ืžื–ืœื’, ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืฉืžืืœื” ืขืœ A1.

6. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœ-D 701, ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”.

7. ืฆื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ D 701 ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:

ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื. ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื™ ื”ื ืคืœื ืคื•ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ:

1. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืืงืจื•ื‘ืื•ื‘

ืืงืจื•ื‘ืื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ืขืฆื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืจืืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจืงื™ื, ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื™ืคืœื™ื ื™ื.

2. ืชืื›ืœื• ื‘ืงืคื” ืœื” ื‘ืœืืคื•ืŸ

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ, ืคื•ืคื ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื’ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ื˜ื— ืชื”ื™ื• ืจืขื‘ื™ื. ืชื”ื ื• ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื™ื ื•ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื–ื”.

3. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื•ื™ืœื” ื’'ื•ืงื•

ื•ื™ืœื” ื’'ื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืคืฉ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื˜ืจืกืช ื’ื’. ื•ื™ืœื” ื’'ื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

4. ื”ืชืคืขืœื• ืžื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืคื•ืคื ื’ื™ืŸ.

ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื ื“ื” ืœื” ื“ืœื™ื‘ืจื ืก ื”ื™ื ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืคื•ืคื ื’ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืกื™ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”.

5. ืœืžื“ื• ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื.

ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’'ืžื‘ื”, ืชืžื” ื•ื‘ืœืืคื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืคื ื’ื™ืŸ. ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

ืคื•ืคื ื’ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืกืคืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ. ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื’ื ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืœ-12 ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืคืืชื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

ื’'ื•ืืœ-ืคืื“ื™ื•ืช'

ืขื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช Joal-Fadiouth ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”. ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืžืขืฅ ืžื•ื›ืชื ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืฉืœืœ ืžื–ื—ื™ื ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžืชืžืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื“ื’ื™ ื—ืจื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”:

1. ืกืข ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืขืœ D 701.

2. ืฆื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื”.

3. ืขืœ N1, ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”.

4. ืฆื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ D 705 ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ.

5. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ D 705, ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื”.

6. ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื”.

7. ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ื•ืื– ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:

ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•? ืงื— ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื’'ื•ืืœ ืคืื“ื™ืื•ื˜ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื, ื”ื ื” ื”ื:

1. ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ื’'ื•ืืœ ืคืื“ื™ืื•ื˜

ื‘ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ื•ืืกืžื™ื ื•ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืกื•ืกื™ื, ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.

2. ืกื™ื•ืจ ืœื” ืžื•ืจื•ืื–

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืœื” ืžื•ืจื•ืื–, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™, ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ื•ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืขื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื ื•ืœืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•!

3. ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืœื’ื•ื ื” ื“ื” ืœื” ืกื•ืžื•ืŸ

ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืชื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ. ืชืจืื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ื ืžื ืข ืžื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ืชืš. ื”-IDP ืฉืœืš ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื’ืœ.

ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช

ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™

ืชืงืฃ ืœ-1-3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืœื”