Driving in Canada

Canada attracts more than 18 million international visitors each year. The country's appeal is easy to see, with its natural landscapes, wildlife, and cities offering an enticing experience for travelers.

While driving in Canada might appear similar to the experience in the United States or other English-speaking countries, notable differences can present challenges for foreign drivers.

For example, are you ready to navigate the unique winter conditions you're likely to encounter?

Absolutely! Canada is one of the best countries for road trips. Many people have taken on a Canadian road trip so you’ll find lots of infrastructure like free and paid campsites, rest stops, paved roads, gas stations, restaurants, and grocery stores throughout the country. If you’re an English speaker, you’ll have no problem getting around most of Canada.

Canada is also great for road trips because it offers something for everyone. Whether you’re into big cities, natural wilderness, water sports, hiking, biking, shopping, art, food, or something else, you can design your Canada road trip around your interests.

Riana, a travel writer based in Vancouver, shares her article, The Ultimate Cross Canada Road Trip Itinerary, on her blog, TeaspoonOfAdventure.

In urban areas, public transportation is typically the most practical and economical mode of travel. Yet, many of the country's most stunning and remote areas are simply not accessible via train or bus.

There's no need to feel frightened by driving in a new country. This guide simplifies and improves your car rental and driving experience, helping you make the most of your adventure in Canada. 

To drive in Canada, you must have a valid driver's license and auto insurance. For U.S. drivers, licenses and insurance from the U.S. are accepted. However, drivers from other countries may need an International Driving Permit (IDP), especially if their license is not in English or French. It's important to obtain your IDP outside Canada, as those issued within Canada are not valid.

For short-term visitors or those driving for less than 90 days, a valid driver’s license from your home country, accompanied by an IDP, is sufficient. Drivers must be at least 16 years old and should carry the vehicle's ownership documents while driving.

Renting a car in Canada is similar to renting in the United States, with major car rental companies like Avis, Budget, and Hertz operating in both countries. However, choosing the right vehicle for Canada’s diverse terrain is crucial for a smooth driving experience.

Fly-Drive Packages

• Booking a fly-drive package from your home country can often secure better car rental deals. Renting a car in the U.S. and driving into Canada, such as from Seattle to Vancouver, may be more cost-effective.

Age Restrictions

• The minimum age for driving in Canada varies by province, typically starting at 16. However, you need to be at least 21 to rent a car, with a year of driving experience.
• Drivers aged 21 to 24 may incur a 'Young Renter Fee' and face restrictions on car types, though membership in specific programs can sometimes waive this fee.

Required Documents

• A valid driver’s license is needed to rent a car. If your license isn’t in English or French, an International Driving Permit (IDP) is necessary.
• You’ll also need a passport and a return airline ticket.
• A credit card in the same name as the driver’s license is required for the deposit.
• For children under 18 kg, a child seat is necessary, which can be arranged with the rental company for an additional fee.

Vehicle Selection According to Terrain

• City Driving: For urban areas, a standard sedan or compact car is usually sufficient.
• Highway Driving: If you’ll be traveling on highways, a mid-sized car or SUV can offer more comfort and better handling.
• Gravel Roads: For northern regions or backcountry roads with gravel surfaces, a 4WD or SUV is recommended for better traction and stability.
• Mountain Roads: In mountainous areas, consider a vehicle with good power and handling, such as an AWD SUV, to navigate steep and winding roads safely.

Insurance Choices

• Basic auto insurance is included in car rentals, but additional coverage like a Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) and personal accident insurance is available for an extra fee. Some credit cards offer CDW as a perk, so check with your provider.

Additional Fees

• Be aware of extra fees such as one-way drop-off, additional drivers, young driver fees, and premium location charges.
• Charges per kilometer and higher rates for inter-provincial travel, along with taxes like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Provincial Sales Tax (PST), may apply.

Driving Restrictions

• Some rental companies have restrictions on crossing provincial or national borders and driving on gravel or dirt roads. GPS tracking is commonly used, so adhere to the permitted routes.

Motorhome Rentals

• For a different experience, consider renting an RV for flexibility and convenience when visiting various campsites or parks. Be aware of specific rules and restrictions for RVs in Canada, including camping limitations and overnight stay rules. Pre-booking campsites is recommended.

The extensive roadway network spans over a million kilometers in Canada, ranging from the expansive Trans-Canada Highway to smaller local roads in suburban and rural settings.

Meticulously maintained by provincial governments, this network includes a few toll roads, typically near bridges and the US border. Road density increases in southern regions and around major urban centers like Vancouver, whereas in more remote areas, you might find yourself alone on the road for extended periods.

• Local Roads: These roads, commonly situated in suburbs and rural areas, provide access to private properties. Characterized by lower traffic speeds, they generally feature at least one sidewalk.
  
• Collector Roads: Designed to funnel traffic from local roads to larger arterial roads, collector roads often have traffic signals at intersections with arterial roads and sidewalks on both sides.
  
• Minor Arterial Roads: These roads support traffic flow and sometimes offer access to specific properties. Unlike local roads, they don’t have stop signs but are equipped with traffic lights at intersections and sidewalks on both sides.
  
• Major Arterial Roads: Focused on moving traffic efficiently, these roads also have controlled access points. Like minor arterial roads, they typically feature sidewalks on both sides.
  
• Highways: Similar to the United States, Canadian highways are designed for faster, long-distance travel. They don’t provide direct property access and are restricted to vehicles, with no access for pedestrians and cyclists.

You may ask yourself: Why do I need an IDL when passing through all these roads? There's no way to know when mandatory checkpoints may happen, so it's always advisable to come prepared with adequate documents to present to the authorities. 

Crossing into Canada from the US by car might seem similar at first glance, but there are specific differences and unique challenges in Canadian driving that you should be aware of for a safe journey.

Canada's rich wildlife, a major draw for nature enthusiasts, can pose risks to drivers. Encounters with deer, moose, and elk are not uncommon and can be hazardous.

Driving cautiously is essential, especially in areas known for wildlife activity. Pay attention to signage indicating potential wildlife presence, particularly in the Maritime Provinces like Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, where moose are prevalent. 

Winter is not exactly the best time to visit Canada, since the harsh conditions can significantly impact driving. Black ice, a common cause of accidents, requires constant vigilance.

Equip your vehicle with winter tires for improved traction; these are mandatory in Quebec during winter. Remember, rental cars may not automatically come with winter tires, so request them at an extra charge.

Given the hazards of winter driving, it's prudent to take several precautions:

• Carry paper maps as a backup for GPS.
• Ensure your car is equipped with snow scrapers, a working flashlight, and extra batteries.
• Dress warmly, considering a heater for added comfort.
• Drive defensively, especially on icy roads and during nighttime.
• In case of breakdowns, a sleeping bag can be a lifesaver.
• Plan your route in advance and inform someone about your travel plans and expected return time.

Below are some of the driving regulations you must keep in mind when driving in Canada:

Like in the US, vehicles in Canada drive on the right side of the road, which is convenient for American drivers entering Canada. While overall driving laws are consistent across Canada, each province or territory may have specific regulations, echoing how US states vary in their driving laws.

In Canada, speed limits are expressed in kilometers per hour (km/h), not miles per hour (mph).

Urban areas typically have limits of around 50 km/h, rural roads range from 60-80 km/h, and highways usually have limits of 80-100 km/h. Note that minimum speed limits on highways are often set at 60 km/h. Speeding penalties can vary by province and are more severe in construction zones.

Canada mandates the use of seat belts for all passengers, similar to the US. Children under 18 kg must be in a car seat, and failure to comply with these regulations can result in substantial fines.

In many Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, it is illegal to smoke in a car with minors present. Given the widespread nature of this law, it's advisable to adhere to it in all provinces to avoid penalties.

Using a cell phone without hands-free technology while driving is prohibited across Canada. Penalties for this offense include fines that vary by province and demerit points on your driving record, remaining on your record for two years from the offense date.

Most Canadian cars are equipped with automatic daytime running lights. While some provinces require headlights during the day, it's a safe practice to keep them on regardless of your location.

If you're driving your car in Canada, check the specific laws of the province you're visiting or, for simplicity, just use your headlights during the day in all provinces.

Similar to US states, each Canadian province has its set of driving laws, which can be slightly challenging for tourists planning to drive across the country. While there are a few province-specific regulations to be mindful of, the differences aren't overwhelmingly numerous.

In British Columbia, there are a couple of distinctive driving laws. It’s illegal to coast downhill in neutral; drivers must keep their vehicles in gear. This rule aims to ensure that drivers maintain control of the vehicle at all times.

Additionally, there’s a specific law for left-lane driving. If you’re in the left lane and a faster vehicle approaches from behind, you must move over if it's safe. Failure to do so can result in a $167 fine and up to three demerit points.

Unlike in other parts of Quebec and Canada, turning right on a red light is prohibited in Montreal. While some intersections in other provinces may have similar restrictions, they are marked.

In Ontario, drivers caught speeding 50 km/h above the limit may face immediate vehicle impoundment for up to 7 days. This is particularly important in highway construction zones, where speed limits can decrease significantly.

Alberta frequently uses unobtrusive photo radar units for speed enforcement on highways. Police units may monitor speed from parked vehicles or even while in motion. As radar detectors are illegal in many provinces, adhering to speed limits is crucial to avoid fines.

Quebec enforces a unique rule where abrupt, unjustified braking can lead to a ticket and two demerit points on your driving record. The law emphasizes the importance of steady and predictable driving behavior for safety.

Navigating Canadian roads might feel familiar to American drivers, but there are some key differences in traffic signs and rules to be aware of:

Except in Montreal, turning right on red is allowed in Canada, provided no signs prohibit it. However, complete caution is required for pedestrian safety.

Drivers must come to a complete stop and give right-of-way to pedestrians, especially when pedestrian signals are in play or when the light is green without crossing signals.

Canada utilizes both standard and flashing green lights. While the standard green light functions as it does in the US, a flashing green light indicates you have the right-of-way to make a left turn.

This can be particularly useful in busy intersections, but everyone has to be aware of this rule to prevent sudden stops that could surprise trailing drivers.

In cities, road signs often indicate the permitted directions for each lane. These signs will clarify whether you can turn right, straight, or left, offering guidance that might otherwise be indicated on the road surface in the US. For more insight, read our article "Unusual Road Signs Around the World."

At 4-way stops in Canada, the first vehicle to stop has the right to proceed first. If two vehicles arrive simultaneously, yield to the vehicle on your right. Making visual contact with other drivers can help clarify intentions at these intersections.

Road signs are predominantly in French in many parts of Canada, especially Quebec. Familiarizing yourself with basic French road terminology can be helpful, particularly for navigating Quebec.

Canadian road signs are similar to the US but may be less visible. Keep an eye out for signs, especially those warning of wildlife crossings, which are common in rural areas.

When vacationing, indulging in local cuisine and drinks is part of the experience. While it is encouraged to try Canada's craft beers, it's crucial to be aware of Canada's stringent drunk driving laws to ensure safety and legal compliance: 

In Canada, the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit is below 0.08 mg/ml. Exceeding this limit is considered a criminal offense, carrying penalties such as arrest, fines, and potential jail time.

Ontario implements a "warn range" for BAC levels between 0.05 and 0.08 mg/ml, which could lead to severe consequences. Zero tolerance applies to drivers under 21, commercial drivers, and novice drivers (with G1, G2, M1, or M2 licenses), meaning no alcohol in the bloodstream is permitted while driving.

Police officers can conduct roadside breath tests if they suspect alcohol consumption. Refusing this test can result in harsher penalties. If there's a reasonable belief that a driver's BAC is over the limit, the police may conduct further testing at the station. Physical sobriety tests can also be administered roadside.

Failing a sobriety test with a BAC in the 0.05-0.08 mg/ml range can lead to penalties like a 3-day license suspension and a $250 fine for first-time offenders, with increased penalties for subsequent offenses.

A BAC over 0.08 results in a 90-day suspension, a $550 fine, a $281 license reinstatement fee, and vehicle impoundment for 7 days.

If pulled over by the police, here are steps to ensure a smooth interaction:

1. Pull Over Safely: Quickly and safely pull over when signaled. Park safely, preferably off the road, and remain in your vehicle with interior lights on. Roll down your windows and keep your hands visible on the steering wheel.

2. Stay Calm and Courteous: Maintain calmness and politeness throughout the interaction. If you disagree with the officer, stay composed and avoid abrupt movements.

3. Comply with Instructions: If suspected of drinking, you may be asked to perform a field sobriety test. Comply with all instructions and avoid lying, as this can be considered an obstruction of justice. Disputes over charges can be addressed later in court.

4. Know Your Rights: While police can stop you without specific reasons, you have rights, including the right to remain silent and to refuse a vehicle search without consent. You're also entitled to contact a lawyer before complying with any requests. Recording the interaction is permissible, but you must not obstruct police duties.

See our International Driving License packages for expedited processing of your IDP and to avoid any traffic violation including the lack of documentation. 

When driving in Canada, it's crucial for tourists to be aware of the following emergency numbers:

1. 911 - This is the primary emergency number for police, fire, and medical emergencies. It's a universal number across Canada and should be used in cases of immediate danger or life-threatening situations.

2. 511 - You can dial this number in most provinces for road and weather conditions.

3. Non-Emergency Police Number - It's advisable to have the local non-emergency police number on your phone. This number is used for incidents that require police attention but are not urgent emergencies (e.g., minor accidents without injuries or stolen property).

Remember, 911 should be reserved for genuine emergencies. For non-urgent assistance or inquiries, using the appropriate non-emergency numbers is recommended.

Check out this list of emergency numbers per province.  

Discover the diverse and enchanting landscapes of Canada with our curated list of the top destinations to visit. Each destination offers a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and adventure.

Immerse yourself in the breathtaking beauty of the Canadian Rockies with stunning mountain landscapes, turquoise lakes, and abundant wildlife.

A vibrant city with a mix of urban and natural attractions, offering diverse cultural experiences, scenic parks, and access to the Pacific Ocean.

Step into the charm of Old Quebec with its cobblestone streets, historic architecture, and a rich blend of French and Canadian culture.

Witness the awe-inspiring natural wonder of Niagara Falls, where powerful cascades captivate visitors from around the world.

Another gem in the Rockies, Jasper National Park boasts glaciers, lakes, and an abundance of wildlife, providing a serene escape into nature.

Canada's largest city offers a dynamic urban experience, featuring iconic landmarks like the CN Tower, diverse neighborhoods, and cultural attractions.

A world-renowned destination for skiing and outdoor adventure, Whistler also charms visitors with its alpine village atmosphere.

A cosmopolitan city known for its festivals, arts scene, and culinary delights, Montreal blends modernity with historic charm.

Experience the stunning landscapes of the Cabot Trail, explore quaint coastal villages, and enjoy the rich Celtic heritage.

Known as the "Polar Bear Capital of the World," Churchill offers the rare opportunity to witness polar bears in their natural habitat and the mesmerizing Northern Lights.

Read our full article for the best places to visit in Canada.

Canada's captivating wildlife, diverse landscapes, and friendly locals await you. Now that you're familiar with the country's driving regulations, it's the perfect time to obtain an International Driving Permit. Embrace this chance for an authentic Canadian adventure, best experienced from behind the wheel!

🚗 Already in Canada? Get your Worldwide Driving License in Canada online in 8 minutes (available 24/7). Valid in 150+ countries. Hit the road faster!