Saudi Arabia, a fascinating yet often misunderstood travel destination, beckons visitors with a blend of ancient history and modern development. This travel guide uncovers a country that is steeped in rich cultural traditions, archaeological treasures, breathtaking landscapes, and unprecedented urban development.

Whether it's uncovering the archaeological mysteries of Madain Saleh, ascending the striking peaks of the Sarawat Mountains, or immersing oneself in the high-energy vibe of cities like Riyadh and Jeddah, the opportunities for adventure and exploration are endless. Embark on this journey and discover the best things to do in Saudi Arabia, revealing a captivating nation full of surprises.

Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a sovereign nation located in the Arabian Peninsula. The country occupies the majority of the region, making it the largest country in the Middle East. Rich in both history and culture, Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam. Home to the two holiest cities in the Islamic faith—Mecca and Medina—it attracts millions of Muslim pilgrims each year.

The vast desert landscape of Saudi Arabia is adorned with historic sites, ancient ruins, and modern architecture. The capital city of Riyadh is a testament to the country's transformation into a global economic powerhouse, blending traditional Arabian heritage with modern infrastructure and development.

As Saudi Arabia opens its doors to foreign tourism, visitors have access to a diverse range of experiences offering a unique and unforgettable experience for all who visit.

Newcomers to Saudi Arabia often find themselves captivated by its rich historical tapestry, dating back to the 7th century.

• Visit Al-Ula and Mada'in Saleh: This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to the ancient ruins of Mada'in Saleh, dating back to the 1st century. A key highlight is the Qasr al-Farid, an iconic standalone tomb representing the ancient architecture from the Nabatean kingdom.
• Tour the ancient city of Diriyah: Once Saudi Arabia's capital in the 15th century, this historic village enchants with its palm-choked narrow lanes and traditional architecture, showing a glimpse into Saudi Arabia's past.

The evolving skyline of Saudi Arabia's capital, Riyadh City, is home to architectural marvels that embody the country's progress and innovation.

• Marvel at the Kingdom Tower in Riyadh: Standing tall amidst Riyadh's skyline, the Kingdom Centre towers over the city as a symbol of the modern metropolis showcasing the finest of Saudi capital's architectural feats.
• Discover innovation at King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC): Located in the Eastern province, the city represents Saudi Arabia's commitment to diversification, evident in its modern amenities and innovative urban planning.

With a wide variety of landscapes, Saudi Arabia offers plenty of attractions for nature enthusiasts.

• Enjoy breathtaking views at the Edge of the World: True to its name, this spot offers expansive views of the endless desert plains, making it one of Saudi Arabia's amazing tourist attractions.
• Explore the Farasan Islands: A natural paradise teeming with wildlife and clear water bodies, these islands invite for an aquatic Arabian adventure.
• Adventure in the Asir Mountains: Known as the Green Mountain, these hills provide relief from the heat, boasting of a diverse flora and fauna scene.

From busy markets to luxury shopping malls, Saudi Arabia offers a shopping experience to cater to all tastes.

• Stroll through the bustling markets of Jeddah: Also known as Historic Jeddah, the ancient city is famous for its vibrant flea markets, where traditional crafts and souvenirs can be found.
• Visit the luxury malls in Riyadh: The shopping malls reflect the city's affluent status, featuring an array of designer boutiques and upscale stores.

A visit to Saudi Arabia is never complete without immersing oneself in its rich culture and sumptuous local cuisine.

• Taste traditional dishes at local restaurants: Enjoy classic Saudi dishes accompanied by Arabic coffee, ensuring a delightful gastronomic journey.
• Learn about Saudi customs and traditions at cultural centers: Centres like the Najd Village and Heritage Village offer visitors a cultural immersion, displaying customs, traditional costumes, and historic tools.

The spiritual journey to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina is a significant part of the Muslim faith.

• Umrah or Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina: For the vast majority of Muslim visitors, a pilgrimage and prayer during the holy month in these cities is often a life-changing journey.

Various events and festivals highlight the country's rich cultural tapestry.

• Attend the annual Janadriyah Festival: This event celebrates Saudi Arabia's heritage and culture through folk dances, music, and arts.
• Experience the Red Sea International Film Festival: This event invites international filmmakers and film enthusiasts to explore and appreciate global cinema.

Finally, for those seeking rest and relaxation, Saudi Arabia offers high-end resorts and spas to unwind.

• Unwind at the Ritz-Carlton, Jeddah: This luxury hotel offers stunning views of the Red Sea, ensuring ultimate relaxation and comfort.
• Escape to the Al Faisaliah Resort & Spa: This is a getaway from the hustle and bustle of city life, boasting of luxury treatments and globetrotting culinary dishes. To enhance the luxurious experience, secure travel insurance, respect the local norms such as carrying proof of marriage, and use public transport options to conveniently navigate the surroundings.

Safety is a fundamental aspect while traveling and touring Saudi Arabia necessitates the same level of attention. Although it's predominantly a safe country to travel in, some safety measures must be adhered to for a hurdle-free journey.

Safety is paramount when travelling abroad, and visiting Saudi Arabia is no different. Despite being generally a safe country, travelers should maintain regular safety protocols:

• Always keep your passport and travel documents in a safe place.
• Stay alert in crowded places and avoid late-night strolls in unfamiliar areas.
• Stay informed about the current political situation and avoid protests or large gatherings.
• In case of emergency, dial 911 - it's the toll-free number for emergency services in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia adheres to a conservative dress code due to its cultural and religious practices.

• Women are expected to wear an abaya - a loose-fitting black cloak that covers the body. While headscarves are not compulsory for non-Muslim women, it is considered respectful, especially outside the major cities.
• Men should wear long trousers and avoid sleeveless shirts.
• Visitors should avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes, clothes displaying national flags or military patterns, and accessories with religious connotations.

Saudi Arabian customs and traditions are deeply rooted in Islamic religion and Arabic culture. Understanding these customs goes a long way in having a pleasant stay.

• Always use your right hand for eating and greeting, as the left hand is considered impure.
• Public display of affection is frowned upon.
• Public prayer happens five times a day, with businesses usually closing during these times. Be respectful and avoid eating in public during the holy month of Ramadan.

To ensure a smooth journey in Saudi Arabia:

• Always stay hydrated, especially during the hot summer months.
• Follow local laws and regulations diligently, including traffic laws.
• If you plan to drive, an international driving permit is required.

Visitors to Saudi Arabia will find that the country caters to a variety of budgets, whether you're a high-end luxury-seeker or a backpacker looking for affordable accommodations.

Saudi Arabia offers a diverse range of accommodations and activities catering to different budget categories:

• Accommodation: Budget accommodations for backpackers, such as lodging houses or hostels, can start as low as SAR 50-100 per night. Mid-range hotels typically cost between SAR 200-350 per night. Luxury hotels can cost up to SAR 600-1,000 or more per night.
• Food: A meal at an inexpensive restaurant can be around SAR 15-20, while a three-course meal at a mid-range restaurant for two people can cost around SAR 100-150.
• Transport: A one-way ticket on local transport can cost around SAR 2-5, while a taxi trip in the inner city can cost around SAR 10-30, depending on the distance.
• Tourist Activities: Admission prices for most museums, galleries, and archaeological sites range from SAR 10-50.

For those looking to maximize their stay while minimizing costs:

• Accommodation: Opt from lodging houses or budget hostels which provide facilities for lesser prices.
• Food: Local markets and street food are not only cheaper but can also offer a more authentic taste of Saudi cuisine.
• Transport: Public transport such as buses or shared taxis are cheaper options. Renting a car can be cost-effective if traveling in groups.
• Activities: Look for free or discounted tourist activities, or consider visiting the many natural parks and beautiful landscapes which often have no admission fee.

While exploring the beauty and culture of Saudi Arabia, it is important to respect its regulations and restrictions. Doing so ensures a smooth journey and helps in fostering a respectful relationship with the local communities.

Saudi Arabia has relatively strict rules regarding passport and visa requirements. Therefore, it is essential to adhere to these requirements to avoid potential complications or law enforcement encounters:

• All travelers must have a current passport that is valid for at least six months from the date of entering Saudi Arabia.
• In addition to the passport, most foreign nationals are required to have a visa to enter Saudi Arabia. Recently Saudi Arabia has launched an eVisa program for tourists from certain countries, making the process easier and more streamlined.
• Those tourists who are part of an organized tour through a travel agency may not need to obtain a visa on their own, as the travel agency often handles this process.
• Any visa discrepancy or violation can lead to deportment, fines, or even jail, so it's crucial to stay updated and follow the terms of your specific visa.

Abiding by local laws is a fundamental aspect of respectful and responsible travel. Notable laws and regulations visitors should be aware of in Saudi Arabia include:

• Saudi Arabia follows Sharia law, which impacts areas like attire, public conduct and legal proceedings. Understanding these norms is key for any foreign traveler.
• The country does not tolerate drugs or alcohol, possession of which can lead prosecution and severe penalties including imprisonment.
• Non-Muslim worship is also prohibited in the public, so any religious symbols for religions other than Islam should be kept private.
• LGBTQ+ rights do not have legal recognition, and homosexuality is considered illegal.
• Photography of government buildings, military installations, and palaces is prohibited. Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially local women.
• Being aware of these restrictions can contribute to your safety, comfort, and overall positive experience while traveling through Saudi Arabia.

When planning a visit to Saudi Arabia, understanding the country's varied climate conditions is key to ensure a comfortable journey. Timing your visit well can result in a more enjoyable experience where you can fully appreciate Saudi Arabia's rich culture, history, and breathtaking landscapes.

Saudi Arabia features a wide range of climate patterns. It is predominantly a desert climate with hot days and cool nights. Summer (June to August) can be particularly intense, with temperatures often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, particularly in cities such as Riyadh and Mecca. The coastal areas, such as Jeddah and the Eastern Province, are humid with somewhat lower temperatures.

In contrast, winter (December to February) usually brings milder temperatures during the day, with cold nights, particularly in the northern and central parts of the country. Some regions, like Tabuk, even experience snow. The coastal cities remain relatively warm and mild in the winter.

Autumn (September to November) and spring (March to May) are transitional seasons characterized by more moderate temperatures and less humidity, making outdoor activities more enjoyable.

The ideal time to visit Saudi Arabia often depends on your preferred destination within the country:

• For the central region, including Riyadh, the best times to visit are during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) months when temperatures are comfortably warm.
• For coastal cities like Jeddah, visiting during the winter months (December to February) can be an enjoyable experience, as the weather is relatively mild and the humidity is lower.
• If planning a visit to the northern parts of the country, including Tabuk, or the mountainous southwestern regions, like Abha, the summer months (June to August) are a good time to enjoy milder temperatures.
• For Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca and Medina, it is important to note that it falls on specific Islamic calendar dates, which change every year in terms of the Gregorian calendar.

In conclusion, while the ideal time for visiting Saudi Arabia can vary depending on the specific region, the transitional seasons of spring and autumn are generally preferred for their milder climate conditions.

Exploring Saudi Arabia is a journey into an enchanting blend of old traditions and modern allure. Whether it's the ancient archeological sites, the vibrant local markets, the sumptuous cuisine, or the awe-inspiring modern exhibitions, there's an abundance of experiences awaiting every traveler.

The key is in the preparation - understanding the nation's climate, respecting its customs and restrictions, and most importantly, embracing the spirit of exploration. With this guide, you're now suitably equipped to uncover the treasures of Saudi Arabia and create unforgettable memories in the beating heart of the Middle East.